摘要
为明确重金属污染土壤对三种豆科作物光合生理和产量的影响,以神木黑豆(大豆)、大明绿豆(绿豆)、冀红9218(小豆)为试验材料,分别设置重金属污染土壤和基本农田土壤,测定不同处理下叶片光合特性、农艺性状和产量等指标的变化规律,旨在筛选出最佳的种植于重金属污染土壤上的作物种类。结果表明:与基本农田土壤相比,重金属污染土壤处理下小豆与大豆的叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均呈显著下降趋势,而绿豆的叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度呈上升趋势。在作物苗期,重金属污染土壤促进了三种豆科作物的茎粗生长,株高无明显变化;在作物成熟期,重金属污染土壤抑制三种豆科作物的株高、茎粗和分枝数。除了大豆单荚粒数外,三种豆科作物的单株荚数、单荚粒数和单株粒重受重金属污染土壤均有所降低,与基本农田土壤相比,重金属污染土壤处理下小豆、绿豆和大豆单株粒重分别下降了22.15%、29.02%、42.11%。综上所述,修复重金属污染土壤,最佳的种植豆科作物为冀红9218(小豆)。
In order to explore the effect of heavy metal polluted soil on photosynthetic physiology and yield of three legumes,Shenmu black bean(soybean),Daming mung bean(mung bean)and Jihong 9218(adzuki bean)are used as experimental materials to measure changes of leaves’photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic traits and yield under heavy metal polluted soils and basic farmland soils,so as to screen out the best crop species to grow on heavy metal contaminated soil.The results show that the leaves’net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of adzuki bean and soybean all decrease significantly,while the three indexes of mung bean show an upward trend.In the crop seedling stage,heavy metal polluted soil promotes the growth of stem diameter of three legume crops,but plant height does not change significantly.Heavy metal pollution inhibits plant height,stem diameter and branch number of three legume crops during crop maturity.In addition to the number of seeds per pod in soybean,the number of seeds per pod and grain weight per plant of the three leguminous crops decrease with heavy metal contaminated soil.Compared with the basic farmland soil,the grain weight per plant of adzuki bean,mung bean and soybean under heavy metal contaminated soil decrease by 22.15%,29.02%and 42.11%,respectively.In conclusion,Jihong 9218(adzuki bean)is the best leguminous crop for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.
作者
张盼盼
崔亦沐
袁琴琴
贾韩飞
李智
ZHANG Pan-pan;CUI Yi-mu;YUAN Qin-qin;JIA Han-fei;LI Zhi(School of Life Sciences,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China)
出处
《榆林学院学报》
2022年第6期37-42,共6页
Journal of Yulin University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31860340)
陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室开放课题(KFXM201801)
陕西省产业技术体系项目(NYKJ-2022-YL(XN)28)
榆林学院引进人才科研启动项目(17GK21)。
关键词
豆科作物
光合生理
农艺性状
重金属污染
legumes
photosynthetic physiology
agronomic traits
heavy metal pollution
