摘要
基于黄土高原南部白水河流域下河、南山头、西山、马坡等4处遗址共计2270块木炭记录,结合高精度的AMSC测年,恢复了研究区5.53~4.12 cal.ka B. P.时期木本植被特征和古气候变迁。共存生态因子分析结果和植被组合特征表明该时期的气候整体较今更加暖湿,但在百年尺度上仍存在气候变迁:5.05 cal.ka B. P.以后植被组合中亚热带种属数量及占比的增加表明气候较前一阶段更加暖湿;4.35~4.12 cal.ka B. P.时期的植被组合中耐旱种属比例增多,表明研究区的气候至少在4.35 cal.ka B. P.之前已经转干。研究区气候的变化对文化的发展产生了重要影响,适宜的气候可以促进文化的繁荣与发展;当气候恶化时,农业的发展可在一定程度上延缓文化的衰落,但持续上百年的气候恶化最终会导致文化的衰退甚至消亡。
The Chinese Loess Plateau is located in the semi-arid and semi-humid climate region of the warm temperate zone in China, which is sensitive to Asian monsoon climate and has long been the key area for palaeoclimate research. Because of the quickly response of vegetation to climate change, the paleovegetation characteristics of the Loess Plateau can reflect the paleoclimate. Fossil charcoal is an efficient proxy for reconstructing the paleovegetation, therefore, it is used in our research.The Baishui River valley is located in the southern of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Four Neolithic sites have been discovered in this area, including Xiahe(35°08′N, 109°41′E;Alt: 709 m), Nanshantou(35°10′N, 109°34′E;Alt: 797 m), Xishan(35°09′N, 109°37′E;Alt: 755 m)and Mapo(35°08′N, 109°36′E;Alt: 751 m). These sites preserved a large amount of charcoal and the relics are mainly from the middle Yangshao to Longshan cultures. 2270 charcoal fragments(> 2 mm)were obtained from these sites through flotation method;the fossil charcoal evidence together with the high-precision AMSC dating shows that 25 different woody taxa appeared here between 5.53~4.12 cal.ka B. P.The results of coexistence approach(CA)and vegetation combination characteristics indicate that the climate during this period was warmer and wetter than today, but secondary climate fluctuations still exist: The increase in the number and proportion of subtropical species in the vegetation assemblage after 5.05 cal.ka B. P. indicates that the climate was warmer and wetter than the previous stage;The increase in the proportion of drought-tolerant species during the period of 4.35~4.12 cal.ka B. P. indicates a relative dry climate in the study area.The climate change has a profound impact on the development of prehistoric human cultures. The warm and wet climate promote the development of Miaodigou Ⅱ culture in the Loess Plateau;when the climate became dry, the development of agriculture can delay the decline of culture to a certain extent, but hundreds of years’ drought eventually lead to the extinction of the Longshan culture.
作者
孙楠
李夏博
尚雪
张鹏程
罗凡
肖良
郭俊锋
李相传
李延鹏
SUN Nan;LI Xiabo;SHANG Xue;ZHANG Pengcheng;LUO Fan;XIAO Liang;GUO Junfeng;LI Xiangchuan;LI Yanpeng(School of Earth Science and Resources,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi;Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,Shaanxi;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 10049;Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology,Xi'an,710054,Shaanxi)
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期1541-1553,共13页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41672156和41872017)
国家社会科学基金项目(批准号:21BKG040)
陕西省自然科学基金项目(批准号:2022JM-170)
长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(批准号:300102271402)共同资助。
关键词
黄土高原
木炭
全新世
古植被
古气候
the Chinese Loess Plateau
fossil charcoal
Holocene
paleovegetation
paleoclimate
