摘要
目的促进我国零售药店的发展,服务公众健康。方法基于国际药学联合会(FIP)调研,介绍全球社区药房概况,包括人员分布、所有权、设立与分布标准、社区药师执业范围、薪酬模式、监管模式等,与我国零售药店的现状进行对比与分析。结果截至2020年,全球每万人口所有执业领域执业药师数均值为8.54人,每万人口社区药房执业药师数均值为5.14人,每家社区药房配备执业药师人数均值为1.88人,而我国分别为4.21人、3.83人、0.98人,差值分别为4.33人、1.31人、0.90人。我国每万人口社区药房的平均密度为3.92家,较全球均值2.75家高1.17家;每家零售药店服务人口数为2549人,较全球均值8940人少6391人。全球29.11%的国家和地区社区药房管理和决策权由执业药师主导,46.84%的国家和地区使用地理或人口标准来设定药房。全球药房执业药师执业范围涉及治疗开始、继续或修改临床决策的服务,在药房外提供药品和药学服务,疾病筛查及提供急救/即时护理。15.28%的国家和地区表示,社区药房薪酬模式主要基于专业服务获得的费用,91.89%的国家和地区允许执业药师选用和调配仿制药。结论建议我国发展壮大社区药房执业药师队伍,满足公众药学服务需求;结合实际建立零售药店设立标准,引导零售药店有序发展;拓展专业服务内容,促进零售药店向健康服务转型,服务公众的用药安全和身体健康。
Objective To promote the development of retail pharmacies in China,and to provide service for the health of public.Methods Based on the survey of the International Pharmaceutical Federation(FIP),the general status of global community pharmacies(including personnel distribution,ownership,standard of setting and distribution,practice scope of community pharmacists,remuneration mode and administration mode)was introduced and compared with that of retail pharmacies in China.Results Up to 2020,there were an average of 8.54 licensed pharmacists in all fields of practice per 10000 population in the world,there were an average of 5.14 licensed pharmacists in community pharmacies per 10000 population in the world,and there were an average of 1.88 licensed pharmacists in each community pharmacy in the world,while there were 4.21,3.83 and 0.98 licensed pharmacists respectively in China for the above three indexes,with differences of 4.33,1.31 and 0.90 licensed pharmacists respectively from the global average quantity.There were an average of 3.92 community pharmacies per 10000 population in China,1.17 community pharmacies more than the global average quantity(2.75 community pharmacies),and there were an average of 2549 people were served by each retail pharmacy,6391 people fewer than the global average quantity(8940 people).In 29.11%of countries and regions in the world,the management and decision-making of community pharmacies were dominated by the licensed pharmacists,and 46.84%of countries and regions used geographic or demographic standards to set pharmacies.The practice scope of licensed pharmacists in pharmacies in the world involved the initiation,continuation of the treatment or modification of clinical decisions,providing drugs and pharmaceutical care outside pharmacies,disease screening and providing emergency treatment/immediate care.Precisely 15.28%of the countries and regions indicated that the remuneration mode of community pharmacies was mainly based on the fees of professional service,and 91.89%of the countries and regions allowed licensed pharmacists to select and dispense generic drugs.Conclusion It is suggested that we should develop and expand the team of licensed pharmacists in community pharmacies to meet the needs of the public for pharmaceutical care.We should establish the standards of retail pharmacy setting based on the actual conditions to guide the orderly development of retail pharmacies.We should also expand the content of professional service,and promote the transformation of retail pharmacies to health service to provide service for the safe drug use and health of public.
作者
李朝辉
LI Zhaohui(Certification Center for Licensed Pharmacist of National Medical Products Administration,Beijing,China 100061)
出处
《中国药业》
CAS
2023年第1期1-5,共5页
China Pharmaceuticals
基金
2020年国家药品监督管理局委托课题[NMPA2020]。
关键词
社区药房
执业药师
每万人口社区药房数
执业范围
药学服务
仿制药
community pharmacy
licensed pharmacist
quantity of community pharmacies per 10000 population
practice scope
pharmaceutical care
generic drug
