摘要
【目的】完善油茶高接换种方法,为油茶低产林品种改造提供技术参考。【方法】以10年生低产油茶树体为砧木,以‘华鑫’半木质化新梢为接穗,分别采用插皮接和撕皮接2种嫁接方法进行高接换种。于嫁接当年的7、8、10月及次年的4、6、7月对嫁接后树体嫁接芽的成活率及生长量等指标进行调查和对比分析。【结果】油茶采用插皮接的嫁接成活率为92.4%,比撕皮接成活率高0.63个百分点。油茶嫁接当年7月,插皮接的枝条长度和分枝数量分别比撕皮接高58.93%和90.00%,差异显著(P<0.05);嫁接当年8月,插皮接的枝条长度和分枝数量分别比撕皮接增加了169.86%、200.00%,差异极显著(P<0.01);嫁接当年10月,插皮接的枝条长度、嫁接枝条基部直径和分枝数量分别比撕皮接高208.85%、57.69%和258.33%,差异极显著(P<0.01);次年7月,插皮接的枝条长度、嫁接枝条基部直径和分枝数量分别比撕皮接高188.85%、114.07%和115.99%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。采用插皮接高接换种第2年,部分油茶树体开花结果,比撕皮接提前1 a获得收益,且树干嫁接口愈伤组织生长较快,不易出现枯桩现象。【结论】油茶插皮接嫁接后第1年和第2年的生长量显著高于撕皮接,且不易留桩,降低了嫁接及后期管护成本,适宜用于油茶低产林品种改造,也为低产新造林品种改造过程中的配置技术提供了一套可行的方法。
【Objective】Improve the methods of the high grafting of Camellia oleifera to provide technical reference for the improvement of low-yielding C.oleifera forest.【Method】The 10-year-old low-yielding trees were used as rootstocks,and the semi-woody new tips of‘Huaxin’were used as scions,and two grafting methods including bark grafting and inlaying grafting were used for high grafting,and the survival rate and growth of the grafted buds of the grafted trees were investigated and comparatively analyzed in July,August,October of the current year,and in April,June and July of the following year.【Result】The survival rate by bark grafting was 92.4%,which was 0.63%higher than that of inlaying grafting.In July of that year,the length of new shoots and the number of branches were 58.93%and 90.00%higher,respectively,in trees grafted using bark grafting than in those grafted by inlaying grafting,with significant differences(P<0.05).And in August of the current year,the length of new shoots and the number of branches using bark grafting were 169.86%and 200.00%higher respectively,than in those grafted by inlaying grafting,with highly significant differences(P<0.01).In October of that year,the length of new shoots,the basal thickness of grafted branches and the number of branches using bark grafting were 208.85%,57.69%and 258.33%higher,respectively,than in those grafted by inlaying grafting,with highly significant differences(P<0.01).In July of the following year,the length of new shoots and the thickness of new shoots of trees grafted by bark grafting increased by 188.85%,114.07%and 115.99%,respectively,compared to those grafted by inlaying grafting,with highly significant differences(P<0.01).Several oil tea trees could achieve flowering and fruiting in the second year,which would be a year earlier than inlaying grafting to gain revenue,and the trunk grafting mouth healing tissue growth was faster,not easy to appear dead stump phenomenon.【Conclusion】The growth of the trees of C.oleifera after grafting with the bark grafting in the first and second year is significantly higher than that of the inlaying grafting,and it is not easy to leave piles,which reduces the cost of grafting and management,and is suitable for the cultivars improvement of low-yielding forests of C.oleifera.It also provides a set of feasible methods for the allocation techniques during the variety transformation of low-yield new afforestation of C.oleifera.
作者
张婷
李建安
杨昕悦
张荣
彭仁荣
李树战
谭晓风
李泽
ZHANG Ting;LI Jian’an;YANG Xinyue;ZHANG Rong;PENG Renrong;LI Shuzhan;TAN Xiaofeng;LI Ze(Key Lab of Non-wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Camellia Oil Tree Research Institute,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Hunan Southern Hills and Mountains Ecological and Economic Forest Industry Engineering Technology Research Center,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;The Belt and Road International Union Research Center for Tropical Arid Non-wood Forest in Hunan Province,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2022年第4期239-245,共7页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
长沙市“揭榜挂帅”重大科技项目“油茶高产稳产品种选育及区域化配置关键技术”(Kq2102007)
湖南省林业局油茶发展基金专项“油茶品种改造技术研究及示范”(湘财资环指〔2022〕59号)。
关键词
油茶
高接换种
插皮接
嫁接方法
成活率
Camellia oleifera
cultivars improvement by top grafting
bark grafting
grafting method
survival rate
