摘要
我国社会老龄化形势日趋严峻,城市公园作为承载老年群体休闲养老的重要公共活动场所,如何建设宜居健康的城市养老环境还需进一步细致探究。聚焦于城市公园建成环境要素和老年人活动的关联度,基于国内外文献筛选出影响老年人活动的建成环境要素的多项评价指标,以邯郸市人流量较大的4个典型的城市公园为研究样本,对公园内老年群体开展问卷调查,获取250份量表型的问卷结果作为数据基础,结合SPSS和Amos软件进行数据分析构建SEM(Structural Equation Model)模型。研究结果表明,活动空间形态及布局、公共设施配置以及物理环境质量是老年人活动的最主要影响因素,其中活动空间形态及布局的影响最为显著,且各因素之间相互关联。合理地统筹规划各环境要素之间的整体设计,对促进城市公园适老化建设具有切实意义。最后,提出了可供参考的策略建议。
The social aging situation in China is intensifying,and increased aging trends will undoubtedly bring more significant challenges to society.Due to the high densityof the aging population in urban areas,urban parks,an essential spatial carrier for the leisure endowment of the aged,can meet multiple demands for outdoor activities.It is a major place for daily leisure,social interaction,exercise and entertainment of the elderly.Built environment elements of all streets where a park is located significantly influence the aged.Exploring the complicated relationship between built environment elements of urban parks and the activities of the aged will enable the development goal of a friendly aging society and building livable environments for the aged.Research has focused on the correlation between urban parks’built environment elements and the aged’s activities.A literature review considering five classes of 15 evaluation indexes of built environment elements that influence activity satisfaction of the aged wasundertaken.This study involves a questionnaire survey of the aged in four typical urban parks in Handan,with large passenger flows.A total of 250 scale questionnaires concerning the relationship between built environment elements of urban parks and activity satisfaction were collected and used as the data set.Data is analyzed using a combined SPSS and Amos,and a structural equation model(SEM)was derived.The correlation degrees between activity satisfaction of the aged and built environment elements,influencing pathways and influencing relations among variables are determined.Research results demonstrate that among built environment elements of urban parks,the activity space form and layout correlate most with the aged’s activity satisfaction.Comprehensive elements of activity space interact with the activity demands of the aged,which is manifested directly in accessibility and attraction.Specifically,the perception of spatial layout is the most significant.Public facility configuration and physical environmental quality are additional key factors thatinfluence the aged’s activities.The public facility configuration combined with spatial layout provides essential support to the activities of the aged.The physical environmental quality of urban parks is an essential factor that attracts older people and promotes activities.Road and barrier-free design have relatively weak influences on the activity satisfaction of the aged.Although the aged’s activity needs and methods have low perceptions of roads and barrier-free design,they are the basic guarantees for activities of the aged.The built environmental elements are mutually correlated.The spatial layout and public facility configuration facilitateeach other,and the barrier-free design is closely related tothe perception of public facility configuration and road design.Road design and public facility configuration also influence the physical environmental quality of parks.Good overall planning and environmental elements design have practical significance in promoting urban park construction suitable for the aged.Finally,four crucial factors were proposed based on quantitative analysis outcomes:multi-scale activity space layout,multi-point composite configuration of public facilities,"care-based"landscape construction,and establishing a healthy continuous walking network.Due to a limited sample size,this study could not make a more refined classification of elements.To develop more valid and accurate data,expanded research studies are required in the future.
作者
陈晓卫
刘维峰
杨彩虹
CHEN Xiaowei;LIU Weifeng;YANG Caihong
出处
《南方建筑》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期93-103,共11页
South Architecture
基金
河北省社科基金项目(HB20YS023):大运河邯郸段古桥及其文化保护研究。
关键词
城市公园
老年人
环境要素
SEM
影响因素
urban park
the aged
environmental elements
SEM
influencing factors
