摘要
美国大学平权法案本质上是一项对高等教育资源进行再分配的补偿举措。其持续半世纪有余的存废热议实际道出多方主体不满足招生政策分配结果,因此进行外部纷争与内部抢夺的现状。借助利益相关者理论,得以窥见平权法案的存废困境背后由美国政府、最高法院、高等院校以及受教育者等重要利益相关者共同参与并形塑的利益博弈格局。为实现自身的利益诉求,多方利益相关者彼此间开启竞相博弈的利益角逐过程。受各利益相关者未能就资源分配方式达成有效共识,理性经济人的自利行为僭越日趋式微的价值理性,现实诉求与资源有限之间的矛盾化身为困境温床等影响,美国大学平权法案的存废前景渐趋陷入胶着状态。追问并廓清平权法案的存废困境,并在此基础上审视其前景走向,可以为优惠性教育政策提供反思。
Affirmative action in American universities is essentially a preferential measure for the retribu⁃tion of higher education resources.The heated debates that have lasted for more than half a century actually show that multi-interest groups are not satisfied with the admission policy distribution results;therefore,they conduct external disputes and internal competitions.From the perspective of stakeholder theory,it can be seen that behind the dilemma of affirmative action’s retention and abolition,it highlights the interest game pattern which is jointly participated and shaped by important stakeholders,such as the US government,the Supreme Court,universities and educated people.In order to realize their own interest demands,multi-stakeholders have started a process of competing interests among themselves.The reasons show that,due to the failure of stake⁃holders to reach an effective consensus on the way of resource allocation,the self-interested behavior of rational economic people is overtaking the declining value rationality,and the contradiction between realistic demands and limited resources has turned into a hotbed of predicament and other factors.The prospect of affirmative ac⁃tion in American universities is becoming stalemate.Questioning and clarifying the dilemma of retention and ab⁃olition of affirmative action,and examining its prospects on this basis,can provide reflections for preferential ed⁃ucation policy in China.
作者
张舒丽
张睦楚
ZHANG Shuli;ZHANG Muchu
出处
《高教发展与评估》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期72-83,I0004,I0005,共14页
Higher Education Development and Evaluation
基金
云南省社科联志愿服务项目“青年学人与学院社区社科普及志愿服务队”(KPZYFW202294)。
关键词
美国大学
高等教育利益相关者
招生政策
平权法案
教育公平
American universities
stakeholders in higher education
enrollment policy
affirmative action
educational equity
