摘要
长江是世界上著名的生物多样性热点地区,是重要的物种基因库和天然的资源活体库,对维系我国水域生态平衡、保障生态安全和经济社会可持续发展具有极为重要的作用。在各种人类活动的影响下,长江水生生物资源严重衰退,鱼类完整性达到了“无鱼”的级别。2021年起,国家开始全面实施长江十年禁渔,现已初见成效。但是,水电开发、水污染、江湖阻隔造成的栖息地退化等问题依旧严重。本文综合评估了长江水生生物多样性现状和已有的保护措施,认为生境破坏、水质恶化、外来种入侵、科研和保护工作投入不足,是目前长江水生生物多样性保护中存在的主要问题。在十年禁渔实施的新形势下,为了修复长江水域的生态环境和保护水生生物资源,提出了加强长江水生生物多样性保护的若干建议,包括加强珍稀鱼类的人工保育,转换鱼类人工增殖放流目标;加强水生态修复的技术研究与项目实施;加强生态观测站和水生生物战略资源库建设;加大保护研究的投入;完善长江禁捕水域科研监测的审批和管理制度,健全长江水生生物保护管理体系等。
The Yangtze River is one of the hotspots of aquatic biodiversity.As an essential bank of genes and living individuals of aquatic organisms,the river plays an important role in maintaining the ecological balance in China’s waters and ensuring environmental security and sustainable economic and social development.With the impacts of disordered development,the aquatic biological resources in the Yangtze River declined sharply,and the index of biological integrity based on fish reached the“no fish”level.Since 2021,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China has implemented a 10-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River.The survey done by the Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,resulted that the fishing ban has had positive effects on protecting fish resources to some extent.However,habitat degradation caused by hydropower development,water pollution and river-lake disconnection is still severe.This study assessed the current status of aquatic biodiversity in the Yangtze River and the current conservation measures.It was concluded that habitat destruction,deterioration of water quality,invasion of exotic species,and insufficient investment in scientific research and conservation were the main problems in protecting aquatic biodiversity in the Yangtze River.Under the new context of 10-year fishing ban,to restore the ecology and environment of the Yangtze River and protect the aquatic biological resources,we suggested some conservation measures for the aquatic biodiversity,including altering the fish species of artificial restocking and releasing and strengthening the artificial nursing of rare and endangered fish,supporting the research of ecological restoration technology,strengthening the construction of ecological observation station and aquatic biological strategic resource bank,increasing investment in conservation research,improving the approval and management system for scientific research and monitoring in the fishing-ban waters of the Yangtze River,and improving the protection and management system for aquatic life in the Yangtze River.
作者
王振忠
鲁淼
卢兵友
高欣
刘焕章
WANG Zhen-zhong;LU Miao;LU Bing-you;GAO Xin;LIU Huan-zhang(China Rural Technology Development Center,Beijing 100045,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)
出处
《淡水渔业》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期20-26,共7页
Freshwater Fisheries
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类,XDB31040000)
中国生物多样性监测与研究网络内陆水体鱼类多样性监测网。
关键词
资源衰退
生态修复
保护建议
长江
resource decline
ecological restoration
conservation suggestions
Yangtze River
