摘要
定量评估生态系统服务价值对于合理配置环境资源、制定区域生态保护决策具有重要意义。基于单位面积价值当量因子的评估方法因其数据参数较少、简便易行等优点被广泛应用于生态系统服务价值估算过程,但是价值当量因子同时受到净生态系统生产力(Net Ecosystem Productivity, NEP)、降水量等复杂因素的影响,且以上因素的区域尺度数据获取相对困难,导致生态系统服务价值估算存在一定不确定性。本研究采用CLM4.0、LPJDGVM、LPJGUESS和ORCHIDEE四个当前应用较为广泛的生产力过程模型获取NEP数据,结合降水量数据订正生态系统服务价值基准单价,探究中国北方15省生态系统服务价值时空变化格局。研究结果表明,不同模型对研究区内代表性的北部内蒙古草地生态系统、西北部草地生态系统、中部农田生态系统和东北部森林生态系统NEP的模拟精度存在一定差异,意味着根据区域生态系统类型选择NEP模型,结合降水量估算生态系统服务价值的效果更好。从空间格局来看,研究区生态系统服务价值呈现自东北向西南减少趋势。水热条件较好、植被茂密的地区(如东北地区)通常具有较高的生态系统服务价值;生态保护区(如青海、新疆)植被覆盖面积低,但由于地理面积较大而具有较高的生态系统服务价值;中东部地区(如山东省、河南省)由于NEP较低导致生态系统服务价值较低。不同生态系统服务类别中,调节服务具有最高的服务价值,尤其是水文调节和气候调节。从时间动态来看,研究区整体的生态系统服务价值在研究期间呈现下降趋势但不显著,其中,生态系统服务价值增加的地区主要分布在中国西北部,而中国东北部生态系统服务价值多呈现下降趋势。土地利用类型变化可能是导致生态系统服务价值年际变化的重要因素。本文的研究结果对制定合理的区域生态保护决策具有重要意义。
Quantitative assessments of ecosystem service value(ESV) are of great significance for rational allocation of environmental resources and making regional ecological protection decisions. The method of equivalence factor per unit area is widely used for this purpose because of its simple algorithm. However, ESV is also affected by biotic and environmental factors(e.g., net ecosystem productivity(NEP) or precipitation), which are difficult to obtain at the regional scale, leading to uncertainty in ESV estimations. In this study, according to the equivalent factor modified by precipitation and NEP from four state-of-the-art process-based productivity models, i.e., CLM4.0,LPJDGVM, LPJGUESS and ORCHIDEE, we explored the temporal and spatial patterns of ESV of 15 administrative regions in northern China. The results show that the simulation accuracy of different models varied among four representative ecosystem types, i.e., typical steppe in northern China, alpine steppe in northwest China, farmland ecosystem in central China, and forest in northeast China, implying that model-based ESV estimates are ecosystem-specific. The ESV tends to decline from northeast to southwest in northern China. Regions with dense vegetation usually had high ESV due to better hydrological and thermal conditions. Low vegetation coverage areas, such as Qinghai and Xinjiang, had higher ESV because of their large geographical areas. The central and eastern developed regions without abundant natural resources had lower ESV due to their lower NEP. For different categories of ecosystem services, the regulation services(mainly water flow regulation services and climate regulation services) contributed the most to ESV. For the temporal dynamics, the total ESV of the 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities showed an insignificant downward trend over the years. The regions with increasing trends of ESV were distributed in northwestern China, while pixels with decreasing trends of ESV were concentrated in northeastern China. Land use cover change may be the most important factor controlling the temporal dynamics of ESV. Our results can provide support for the enaction of reasonable strategies for ecological protection and economic development in northern China.
作者
郭旋
郭群
李宇
李胜功
GUO Xuan;GUO Qun;LI Yu;LI Shenggong(Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Sino-Danish College,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;National Ecosystem Science Data Center,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Key Lab for Resources Use and Environmental Remediation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)
基金
The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA23060205)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31961143022, 32161143029)。
关键词
生态系统服务价值
NEP
时空格局
生产力过程模型
降水
ecosystem service value(ESV)
NEP
temporal and spatial dynamics
process-based productivity model
precipitation
