摘要
城市医疗设施合理布局及其空间公平性是地理学重要议题,最大可达性均等(MAE)模型是空间公平导向优化配置模型的重要进展,但已有研究对于模型空间公平测度指标的探讨仍较缺乏。从公共服务可达性及空间公平内涵出发,选出了国内外研究中常用的10种空间公平测度指标,对MAE模型的优化目标函数进行扩展。以深圳市医疗设施为例,对这些模型进行了应用和综合比较。研究发现:①从空间公平内涵来看,变异系数、基尼系数、平均绝对偏差和帕尔玛比值4个指标较适用于医疗设施空间公平研究。②从模型优化效果来看,基于方差、标准差、变异系数、帕尔玛比值、平均绝对偏差和泰尔指数的MAE模型表现较好。③综合来看,变异系数、平均绝对偏差和帕尔玛比值3个指标能够较好地测度医疗设施空间公平,以这3个指标为目标函数构建改进的MAE模型,能够提升模型优化效果。本文进一步发展了空间公平导向的设施优化配置模型,能够为医疗设施等公共服务设施布局规划提供科学方法支撑。
Rational configuration and spatial equity of urban medical facilities is an important topic in geography. The Maximal Accessibility Equality(MAE) model is an important progress in the field of spatial equity-oriented location-allocation models. However, existing studies have paid less attention to the spatial equity measures in MAE models. Aiming to fill this research gap, this study attempts to clarify the meaning of spatial equity of medical accessibility. Based on a review of existing studies, 10 spatial equity measures are selected for investigation in this study. The MAE mode is extended by incorporating these measures. Using medical facilities in Shenzhen as a case study, these improved models are applied, evaluated and compared. The following findings are drawn:(1) From the perspective of theoretical foundation behind the measures, the Coefficient of Variation(CV), Gini coefficient, Mean Absolute Deviation(MAD) and Palma ratio are appropriate for public service spatial equity studies.(2) Based on the performance of models, the improved MAE models incorporating Variance, Standard Deviation, CV, Palma ratio, MAD and Theil index are advantageous.(3)Overall, three measures, including CV, MAD and Palma ratio, are suggested for measuring and optimizing the spatial equity of medical services. Improved MAE models adopting these three measures as objective functions can significantly improve the spatial equity of accessibility to medical services. This study contributes to the literature by improving the spatial equityoriented location-allocation models. It can provide scientific methods for the spatial planning of public service facilities.
作者
陶卓霖
戴特奇
宋长青
TAO Zhuolin;DAI Teqi;SONG Changqing(Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期474-489,共16页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42101189)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M700457)。
关键词
空间公平
优化配置模型
医疗设施
可达性
差异
均等性
spatial equity
location-allocation models
medical facilities
accessibility
disparity
equality
