摘要
针对争论如何影响国际规范演变这一问题,作者结合建构主义和现实主义的分析视角,从中国春秋时期国际战争规范退化的历史中提炼出一个解释国际规范演变的理论框架:在建构主义理论视角下,规范争论的结果会影响规范演变的方向,当国内规范争论的结果违背原有规范下的社会预期时,会经由规范之间的相互嵌入性导致与国内规范相连的国际规范出现退化;同时,这一效应会随着现实主义范式所强调的国家间相对实力差距的缩小而被放大。为此,作者创建了春秋时期主要诸侯国国内规范争论和国际战争正义性的面板和配对数据集,以定量方法检验并支持了该框架推导出的假说。分析揭示,“春秋无义战”的出现未必是由于楚国等异质性修正主义大国对周礼战争规范的挑战,而更多是规范主导者周王室的衰微以及各诸侯国在争霸竞争中实力趋近共同作用的结果。这一发现有助于我们透过国际规范演变的理论视角和中国古典国际关系的历史启迪理解当下自由国际秩序所面临的危机。
The constructivist IR literature has long debated how contestation shapes international norm change.Some identify norm contestation as a destabilizing force to international norm,while others argue such contestation instead helps to rebuild consensus among contesting parties,thereby enhancing the legitimacy of the contested norm.In engaging with this debate,this article proposes a theoretical framework by examining the historical process of warfare norm regression during China's Spring and Autumn Period(770-475 BC).It argues that when domestic norm contestation leads to outcomes that contradict social expectations formed under preexisting norms,this type of domestic norm contestation will lead to the regression of its associated international norms due to norm embeddedness.This effect is amplified with the narrowing relative power gap between states.To put this theory to empirical test,this article draws on original panel and dyadic datasets on domestic politics and intermational warfare of major states in China's Spring and Autumn Period.By doing so,it presents a dynamic explanation of the regression of warfare norm during that period,and at the same time sheds theoretical and historical light on the crisis of liberal international order that the world is now facing.
作者
蒙克
Meng Ke(the School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University)
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期25-52,151,152,共30页
World Economics and Politics
基金
清华大学公共管理学院基础研究种子基金(项目批准号:2022JCZZ004)的阶段性成果。
关键词
规范争论
国际规范演变
开战正义
作战正义
春秋时期
norm contestation
international norm change
Jus ad Bellum
Jus in Bello
China's Spring and Autumn Period
