摘要
基于帕米尔高原东部100个气象站2013—2019年4—9月逐小时降水观测资料,分析了帕米尔高原东部降水量、降水频次和降水强度时空变化特征。结果表明:帕米尔高原东部年平均降水量呈南部少于北部,平原少于山区的特征。降水频次集中在西部山区,东南部最少。研究区北部和盆地边缘的降水强度大于西部和西南部山区。逐月降水量呈北部和西北部多,盆地西部边缘地区最少,8月最多,4月最少。年平均降水频次高值主要集中在研究区北部和西部,低值主要集中在盆地西部边缘区。逐月降水强度的空间分布与降水量和频次也存在较大差异,降水强度在平原地区最强,最强月份为4月。小时降水量峰值主要出现在12—23时,低值出现在00—10时。小时降水频次15时—次日01时为强度高值时段,14—20时具有增长趋势。小时降水强度在日出前后达到最大,其中00—09时为高值时段,10—23时为低值时段。帕米尔高原东部地区各月小时平均降水量主要集中在18时左右,降水频次主要集中在18—23时,夜间降水强度略高于白天。年平均降水量,降水频次及降水强度与海拔高度之间存在明显的相关性,海拔2500 m以下降水量随着海拔高度的升高而增加,2500 m以上降水量随着海拔高度的升高而降低。降水频次在3000 m以下随着海拔高度的升高而增多,3000 m以上随着海拔高度的升高而减少。降水强度与海拔高度整体呈负相关,降水强度随着海拔高度的升高而减弱;2500 m以下降水强度随着海拔高度而增强,2500 m以上降水强度随着海拔高度的升高而减弱。
Based on the hourly precipitation data from 100 meteorological stations in the eastern parts of the Pamir Plateau from April to September during 2013-2019,the spatio-temporal characteristics of precipitation,precipitation frequency,and precipitation intensity are analyzed.Results show that the annual average rainfall in the south is less than the north,and less in the plain region,more in the mountain.The high precipitation frequency is concentrated in the western mountain area,while the low values are in the southeast.The precipitation intensity in the northern parts of the study area and western edge of the basin is greater than that in the western and southwestern mountain area.Monthly precipitation in the north and the northwest is higher than that in the western edge of the basin,with highest in August and the least in March.The average annual high precipitation frequency is mainly concentrated in the northern and western parts of the study area,while the low values are in the western marginal area of the basin.Spatial distribution characteristics of monthly precipitation intensity are quite different.Precipitation intensity is the strongest in April in the Plains.The peak value of hourly precipitation mainly occurs between 12:00-23:00,while 00:00-10:00 is the low value period.Hourly high precipitation frequency occurs from 15:00 to 01:00 of the next day,and increases from14:00 to 20:00.Hourly precipitation intensity peaks around sunrise,in which the high value period of00:00-09:00 and the low value period of 10:00-23:00.Hourly averaged precipitation in the study area is mainly observed at around 18:00,and the precipitation frequency is mainly concentrated at18:00-23:00.At night,precipitation intensity is slightly higher than that during the day.There is a significant correlation between the average annual precipitation,precipitation frequency,precipitation intensity and altitude.Below 2.5 km,precipitation increases with the altitude,while above 2.5 km precipitation decreases with the increase of altitude.The precipitation frequency increases with the altitude below 3 km,while precipitation frequency decreases with the increase of altitude above 3 km.Generally speaking,there is a negative correlation between precipitation intensity and altitude.Precipitation intensity decreases with the increase of altitude;the precipitation intensity increases with the altitude below 2.5 km,while above 2.5 km decreases with the increase of altitude.
作者
艾克代·沙拉木
何清
阿力木·阿巴斯
黄秋霞
王艳丽
仙米西努尔·克里木
Aikedai Shalamu;HE Qing;Ailimul Abasi;HUANG Qiuxia;WANG Yanli;Xianmixinuer Kelimu(Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture Meteorological Bureau,Artux 845350,China;Changji Meteorological Bureau,Changji 831100,China;Shache Meteorological Bureau,Shache 844700,China;不详)
出处
《沙漠与绿洲气象》
2022年第6期42-50,共9页
Desert and Oasis Meteorology
基金
中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqj2018010)
国家自然科学基金(U1903113)
国家自然科学基金(41965002)。
关键词
帕米尔高原东部
降水频数
降水强度
日变化特征
eastern Pamir Plateau
precipitation frequency
precipitation intensity
diurnal variation characteristics
