摘要
为了对杜洛克猪繁殖性状进行遗传参数估计,并分析非遗传因素分娩季节及胎次对繁殖性状的影响,试验整理了陕西省某核心育种场2009—2020年杜洛克母猪繁殖性状数据,利用DMU软件估计各繁殖性状的遗传参数,结合R软件中aov函数对非遗传因素季节和胎次进行方差分析,研究遗传参数和非遗传因素对繁殖性状的影响。结果表明:杜洛克猪除妊娠周期为中等遗传力性状外,其余繁殖性状遗传力均在0.01~0.05之间,且总产仔数与产活仔数、健仔数、弱仔数、初生窝重之间为遗传正相关,妊娠周期与总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、死仔数、弱仔数、初生窝重之间呈遗传负相关。分娩胎次对杜洛克猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、初生窝重、妊娠周期的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01);而季节仅对死胎数、死仔数、妊娠周期3个性状具有极显著影响(P<0.01)。冬季损失的仔猪数最少,死仔数和死胎数显著低于春季、夏季、秋季(P<0.05),春季总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数和初生窝重显著高于夏季、秋季、冬季(P<0.05),冬季妊娠周期显著长于春季、夏季、秋季(P<0.05)。分娩胎次为2胎次时的死胎数、死仔数、弱仔数最低;3胎次时总产仔数最高,妊娠周期最长。说明育种生产规划中应注意妊娠周期及分娩季节的选择与规划,充分发挥分娩经产2胎或3胎母猪的繁殖潜能,提高冬季和春季分娩数。
In order to estimate the genetic parameters of reproductive traits in Duroc pigs,as well as to analyze the effects of non-genetic factors on reproductive traits,such as parturition season and parity,reproductive performance records between 2009 to 2020 of Duroc pigs from a core breeding farm in Shanxi Province were collected.DMU software was used to estimate the genetic parameters of each reproductive trait,and aov function in R software was used to analyze the influence of genetic parameters and non-genetic factors on reproductive traits by ANOVA of season and parity.The results showed that the heritability of reproductive traits ranged from 0.01 to 0.05,except the trait of gestation period.There were positive genetic correlations between total litter size and live litter size,healthy litter size,weak litter size and litter weight at birth,while there were negative genetic correlations between gestation period and total litter size,live litter size,healthy litter size,dead litter size and litter weight at birth.The effects of parturition on total litter size,live litter size,healthy litter size and birth litter weight of Duroc pigs reached a highly significant level(P<0.01).However,season only had significant effects on the number of stillbirth,number of dead litter and gestation period(P<0.01).The number of piglets lost in winter was the least;the number of dead piglets and stillborn piglets were significantly lower than those in spring,summer and autumn(P<0.05);the total litter size,live litter size and litter weight at birth in spring were significantly higher than those in spring,summer and winter(P<0.05),and the gestation period in winter was significantly longer than that in spring,summer and autumn(P<0.05).The number of stillbirth,dead litter and weak litter was the lowest when parities were 2.The total litter size was the highest and the gestation period was the longest at 3 parities.It indicated that the selection and planning of gestation cycle and parturition season should be paid attention to in breeding production planning,so as to give full play to the reproductive potential of sows with parturition parity of 2 or 3 and increase the parturition number in winter and spring.
作者
钟亮
王原
孙敬春
张蕾
王亚鑫
于太永
杨公社
ZHONG Liang;WANG Yuan;SUN Jingchun;ZHANG Lei;WANG Yaxin;YU Taiyong;YANG Gongshe(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Baoji Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Centre,Baoji 721001,China)
出处
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第3期13-17,共5页
Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1301200)。
关键词
杜洛克猪
繁殖性状
遗传参数
非遗传因素
胎次
季节
Duroc pigs
reproductive traits
genetic parameters
non-genetic factors
parity
seasons
