摘要
通过梳理历代本草、医籍、方书、方志和近现代文献资料,笔者拟对经典名方中所用黄芩药材的名称、基原、商品规格、产地、采收加工及炮制等方面按照历史发展脉络进行系统的本草考证,以期为经典名方的开发与利用提供参考依据。黄芩最早有“黔”“菳”等名,历代本草皆以黄芩为正名,还有“腐肠”“黄文”“妒妇”等别名;历代所用黄芩的主流基原为Scutellaria baicalensis,同属其他种植物在不同时期亦有作为黄芩使用的情况;历代药用部位均为根,自南北朝以来,根据其不同生长发育阶段结合性状特征分成子芩和枯芩2个功效不同的规格,并延续至今,但受栽培成本、指标性成分含量要求等因素的影响,目前市场上多为子芩;历代本草记载的黄芩产区较广且逐渐从长江流域向北扩展,近代以来一度推崇河北承德所产,奉为道地,现黄芩栽培产地较广,遍及华北、东北。黄芩早期多用生品,明代出现多种炮制品,发展延续至今主要为生品、酒制品2种。根据考证结论,建议经典名方中黄芩以S. baicalensis入药,其商品规格及炮制品的选择可依据原方要求、临床作用综合确定。
By reviewing ancient materia medica, prescription books, medical books and modern literature, this article makes a systematic textual research on the name, origin, commercial specification, producing area, harvesting and processing of Scutellariae Radix used in famous classical formulas according to the historical development, in order to provide a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas. Scutellariae Radix was first named as Qian, Qin and so on, while Huangqin was used as the official name in ancient literature, as well as many aliases such as Fuchang, Huangwen and Dufu. The main origin of Scutellariae Radix in the past dynasties was Scutellaria baicalensis, and other Scutellaria plants were also used for Scutellariae Radix at different times. The medicinal parts of Scutellariae Radix in all dynasties are roots, since the Northern and Southern dynasties, it has gradually differentiated into Ziqin and Kuqin with different efficacy according to their different growth stages and characteristics, and continued to this day. At present, most of Scutellariae Radix are Ziqin in the market, due to the influence of cultivation cost, index component content requirements and other factors. The production area of Scutellariae Radix recorded in ancient literature was wide and gradually expanded from the Yangtze River basin to the northward. Since modern times, Chengde city of Hebei province has been respected as a geo-authentic area, now S. baicalensis is cultivated in a wide area, spreading over north and northeast China. Scutellariae Radix was mostly used as raw products in the early period, and a variety of processed products appeared in the Ming dynasty. Development continues to this day, Scutellariae Radix mainly includes raw products and wine-processed products. According to the research conclusion, it is suggested that S. baicalensis should be used as Scutellariae Radix in famous classical formulas, and the selection of its commercial specifications and processed products can be comprehensively determined according to the requirements of original prescription and the clinical effect.
作者
钱锦秀
孟武威
赵佳琛
王艺涵
金艳
詹志来
QIAN Jinxiu;MENG Wuwei;ZHAO Jiachen;WANG Yihan;JIN Yan;ZHAN Zhilai(National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Bozhou Jingwan Chinese Herbal Medicine Factory,Bozhou 236800,China)
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期84-93,共10页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711401)。
关键词
经典名方
黄芩
基原
产地
商品规格
炮制方法
本草考证
famous classical formulas
Scutellariae Radix
origin
producing area
commercial specification
processing method
herbal textual research
