摘要
由于主体不同,我国县域中小学教师短缺的内涵不同。对教育行政部门而言,“短缺”的本质是人事资源短缺,反映的是教师资源总量不足、渴望更多政策和资金支持;对学校校长来讲,“短缺”指教师队伍的不稳定和流失,反映在教师稳定和管理上的困惑;对教师个体而言,“短缺”意味着“超负荷”和“忙碌”,反映了教师工作事务繁重的现实。造成教师短缺的原因主要包括生育政策放开和城镇化进程使教师资源难以满足现实增长的需求;政府配置向农村倾斜的效益被城区工资和消费的吸引力抵消,政府与市场合力下的“县城招考”政策助推教师进城;压力增大和消极情感体验使得教师职业成为编制内的次优选择。在新形势下应强化编制动态管理,提高编制使用效率;建立“教师选调”计划,增强农村优质教师供给;待遇与农村工作年限挂钩,提高农村教师职业吸引力;营造尊师重教风气,增强教师的幸福感与获得感。
The shortage of primary and secondary school teachers has different implications for different participants.For educational administrative departments,the essence of“shortage”is the shortage of personnel resources,which reflects the lack of total resources of teachers and the need for more policy and financial support.For school principals,the“shortage”refers to the instability and loss of teachers,which is reflected in the confusion about teacher stability and management.For individual teachers,the“shortage”is manifested as“overload”and“busyness,”which reflects the reality that teachers have a heavy workload.The following are the main reasons for the shortage of teachers.The relief of the birth policy and the process of urbanization makes it difficult for teacher resources to meet the demand of the real growth.The benefits of the government’s allocation to rural areas are offset by the attraction of urban wages and consumption.The policy of“recruiting teachers in county towns”under the joint efforts of the government and the market facilitates teachers’coming to towns.Increased pressure and negative emotional experience makes teaching a suboptimal choice within the establishment.In the new situation,it is suggested to strengthen the dynamic management of the establishment,hence improving the productive usage of the establishment;to set up a“teacher selection and assignment”plan,hence increasing the supply of high-quality rural teachers,and tie their salary with their working years in rural areas,hence improving the professional attractiveness of rural teachers;and to create an atmosphere of respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching,hence enhancing teachers’sense of fulfillment and happiness.
作者
孟雅琴
MENG Yaqin(Institute of Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第2期102-110,共9页
Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)
关键词
县域
中小学教师
教师短缺
内涵
county
primary and secondary school teachers
shortage of teachers
implication
