摘要
通过查阅古代相关本草、医籍、经史及近现代文献资料,笔者对藿香类药材的名称、基原、产地、品质评价、栽培、采收加工及炮制方法等进行了系统梳理与考证,可为含藿香类药材的经典名方开发利用提供依据。通过本草考证分析可知,历代本草多以“藿香”为正名,所用主流基原均为Pogostemon cablin,为区别于明代以来我国民间习用的同科另一种植物土藿香Agastache rugosa及推崇道地产区而有“广藿香”之名;广藿香原产于越南等东南亚国家,早期因作香料经广东等地传入我国,宋代以来便已在我国南方引种成功;药用部位多为其干燥地上部分,亦有将其叶、梗分开单独使用;历代推崇的道地产区为广东,现广东广州、肇庆、湛江和海南省多有栽培,以石牌所产最为知名;广藿香主要为扦插繁殖,二月生苗,六月采收;产地加工方法主要为闷晒法,放置阳光下反复闷晒至有芳香气味、颜色转黄;炮制方法多以净选后生品入药。基于考证结果,建议养胃汤中所用藿香以P.cablin为基原,取叶片生品入药,而藿朴夏苓汤则建议选择土藿香A.rugosa除去根及老茎的生品入药。
By reviewing ancient materia medica,medical books and modern literature,the name,origin,quality evaluation,producing area and processing methods of Huoxiang herbs were systematically investigated and researched,so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Huoxiang herbs.Through the herbal textual research,it can be seen that most of materia medica in past dynasties have taken Huoxiang as the nominal rectification,and the mainstream base used is Pogostemon cablin.In order to distinguish another plant of the same family,Agastache rugosa,which has been widely used in Chinese folk since the Ming dynasty,and respect geo-authentic region,Pogostemonis Herba is also named Guanghuoxiang.Pogostemonis Herba is native to Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries,and was introduced to China as a spice through Guangdong and other places in the early days,and has been successfully cultivated in the south of China since the Song dynasty.The medicinal parts are mostly dried aboveground parts,and the leaves and stems are also separated for medicine sometimes.The geo-authentic region of Pogostemonis Herba is Guangdong in the past dynasties,and it is currently cultivated in Guangzhou,Zhaoqing,Zhanjiang of Guangdong province and Hainan province,with the most famous one cultivated in Shipai.Pogostemonis Herba is mainly planted by cutting propagation.It usually sprouts in February and is harvested in June.The main processed method in region is stuffy dry,which is placed in the sun and repeatedly suffocated until it has an aromatic smell and the color turns yellow.The processing method is mostly to use the raw product as medicine after being selected.Based on the research results,it is suggested that the leaves of P.cablin are used in Yangweitang,for Huopo Xialingtang,it is recommended to choose the raw product of A.rugosa that is removed the roots and old stems.
作者
任琦琦
刘洋洋
冯剑
李文兰
詹志来
REN Qiqi;LIU Yangyang;FENG Jian;LI Wenlan;ZHAN Zhilai(Pharmaceutical College,Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin 150076,China;Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Sourthern Medicine,Hainan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Haikou 570311,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1-13,共13页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2021SHFZ047)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702)。
关键词
经典名方
广藿香
土藿香
本草考证
基原
产地
品质评价
famous classical formulas
Pogostemon cablin
Agastache rugosa
herbal textual research
origin
producing area
quality evaluation
