摘要
为了探明优质晚籼稻(Oryza sativa L.subsp.xian)产量和品质协同提升的适宜的穗肥施用时期,采用大田微区^(15)N示踪技术,以优质晚籼稻Y两优911和野香优莉丝为材料,设置3个穗肥施用时期(D_(1):倒4叶期施肥;D_(2):倒3叶期施肥;D_(3):倒2叶期施肥),研究穗肥施用时期对优质稻产量、籽粒氮素积累及食味品质的影响。结果表明,随着穗肥施用时期的推迟,两个优质晚籼稻品种的产量先升高后降低,在D_(2)达到最高产量,较D_(1)、D_(3)显著增产4.30%~6.39%;籽粒总氮积累量、^(15)N标记肥料氮素积累量及其占比、^(15)N标记肥料氮素回收利用率、^(15)N标记肥料氮素收获指数表现为增加趋势,D_(2)和D_(3)较D_(1)显著增加19.16%~21.26%、32.54%~50.75%、0.91~2.49、12.42~23.34和5.18~8.31个百分点,但野香优莉丝在D_(2)和D_(3)之间差异不显著;籽粒蛋白质含量、消减值随之升高,而胶稠度、峰值黏度和崩解值随之降低,表现为食味品质变差,野香优莉丝在D_(1)与D_(2)间的崩解值和消减值无显著差异。Y两优911的产量、籽粒总氮素积累、^(15)N标记肥料氮素回收利用率及^(15)N标记肥料氮素收获指数显著高于野香优莉丝,对穗肥施用时期的响应大于后者。综上,在倒3叶期施用穗肥,可协同实现优质晚籼稻高产、优质和氮素高效利用。本研究结果为优质晚籼稻丰产优质高效栽培提供了理论依据。
To improve grain yield and quality simultaneously,this study aimed to find the best timing for panicle fertilizer application of high-quality late indica rice(Oryza sativa L.subsp.xian).Three panicle developmental stages(D_(1):elongation phase of the fourth leaf from the last;D_(2):elongation phase of the third leaf from the last;D_(3):elongation phase of the penultimate leaf)were chosen to understand the effects of fertilization timing on yield,nitrogen accumulation and eating quality.The^(15)N tracing technique was used in field micro-plot experiments with two rice varieties(YLY911 and YXYLS).The grain yield of both varieties increased at first and then decreased during the sequential panicle fertilizer applications and D_(2)fertilization produced the highest yield with a significant increase of 4.30%~6.39%compared to D_(1)and D_(3).Total grain nitrogen accumulation,and^(15)N labeled fertilizer nitrogen accumulation and its ratio to total grain nitrogen accumulation,^(15)N labeled fertilizer nitrogen recovery rate,and nitrogen harvest index of^(15)N labeled fertilizer showed an increasing trend towards the late fertilization.In comparison to D_(1),significant increases of19.16%~21.26%,32.54%~50.75%,0.91~2.49,12.42~23.34 and 5.18~8.31 percentage points were observed for these parameters in D_(2)and D_(3).There was no significant difference between D_(2)and D_(3)in YXYLS.The grain protein content and setback value increased,while the gel consistency,peak viscosity and breakdown value decreased as the panicle fertilization delays and therefore eating quality was reduced,but the breakdown and setback values were not different between D_(1)and D_(2)in YXYLS.Moreover,the yield,grain nitrogen accumulation,^(15)N labeled fertilizer nitrogen recovery rate,and nitrogen harvest index of^(15)N labeled fertilizer of YLY911 were significantly higher than those of YXYLS.The response of YLY911 to late panicle fertilization was greater than YXYLS.In conclusion,applying panicle fertilizer at D_(2)stage could synergistically achieve higher yield,better quality and higher nitrogen use efficiency in high-quality late indica rice.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the application period of panicle fertilizer of high-quality late indica rice.
作者
吴嘉乐
戚文乐
武晶晶
阙仁伟
曾勇军
潘晓华
谢小兵
WU Jiale;QI Wenle;WU Jingjing;QUE Renwei;ZENG Yongjun;PAN Xiaohua;XIE Xiaobing(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045)
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期362-369,共8页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ190170)
江西省水稻产业技术体系专项(JXARS-04)。
关键词
优质稻
穗肥施用时期
产量
氮肥利用率
稻米品质
high-quality rice
panicle fertilizer application period
yield
nitrogen use efficiency
rice quality
