摘要
煤矿隐蔽致灾因素是威胁煤矿安全、高效、绿色、智能开采的重要因素,为了查明急倾斜煤层开采地面隐蔽致灾因素的类型、评价危险性进而为各类灾害探查防治提出应对措施,通过采用遥感地质调查、低空无人机摄影成像、地面地质调查、地质测量、水文地质调查、采样测试、红外成像、矿井涌水量分析、矿井地质调查、采空区气体采样、气相色谱分析、以往地质资料综合分析等综合技术手段,查明了研究区急倾斜特厚煤层开采后地面水害隐蔽致灾因素有大气降水、地表河流、天山融雪、松散层富水区、开采塌陷及裂缝等3种充水水源2种充水通道;火灾隐蔽致灾因素有煤层露头区自然发火、露采坑隐蔽高温区2种隐蔽高温区,地面塌陷裂缝、废弃井筒漏风、废弃煤层气井3种漏风通道;顶板灾害隐蔽致灾因素有坚硬顶板回采扰动1种类型。针对急倾斜煤层开采的特点构建了“天-地-井”三位一体的立体化快速探查技术体系。
Hidden disaster-causing factors in coal mines are key factors that threaten the safety,efficiency,green and intelligent mining of coal mines.In order to find out the types of hidden disaster-causing factors on the ground caused by steeply inclined coal seam mining,evaluate the risk and then put forward countermeasures for the detection and prevention of various disasters.By using remote sensing geological survey,low altitude UAV imaging,ground geological survey,geological survey,hydrogeological survey,sampling and testing,infrared imaging,mine water inflow analysis,mine geological survey,goaf gas sampling,gas chromatography analysis,comprehensive analysis of previous geological data and other comprehensive technical means,it is found that the hidden disaster-causing factors of ground water hazards after steep and thick seam mining in the study area are divided into three kinds of water filling sources and two kinds of water filling channels including atmospheric precipitation,surface rivers,Tianshan Mountain snowmelt,water rich areas in loose layers,mining subsidence and cracks;the concealed fire hazards are caused by two types of concealed high temperature areas,namely,spontaneous combustion in coal seam outcrop area,concealed high temperature area in open pit,and three types of air leakage channels,namely,ground collapse cracks,air leakage in abandoned shaft,and air leakage in abandoned CBM well;the hidden disaster-causing factor of roof disaster is hard roof mining disturbance.According to the characteristics of steeply inclined coal seam mining,an "air-ground-well" trinity three-dimensional fast exploration technology system is constructed.
作者
吴艳
刘旭东
王海军
王相业
吴敏杰
马良
WU Yan;LIU Xudong;WANG Haijun;WANG Xiangye;WU Minjie;MA Liang(CCTEG Xi'an Research Institute,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710077,China;Wudong Coal Mine,China Energy Xinjiang Energy Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China)
出处
《中国煤炭》
2022年第S02期17-27,共11页
China Coal
基金
中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司科技创新基金资助项目(2019XAYMS19,2020XAYJC03)。
关键词
急倾斜煤层
隐蔽致灾因素
水害
火灾
顶板
“天-地-井”三位一体的立体化快速探查技术
steeply inclined coal seam
hidden disaster-causing factors
water hazard
fire hazard
roof
"air-ground-well"trinity three-dimensional fast exploration technology
