摘要
魅力型领导对组织发展有正面和负面效应,多数研究将民间非营利组织魅力型领导视为待解决问题。不过,也有少数研究发现创始人魅力型领导对民间非营利组织,尤其是发展中国家的民间非营利组织发展至关重要。本文基于魅力型领导理论,运用案例研究方法,根据魅力型领导在A组织初创期、发展期和转型期三阶段表现,提出魅力型领导对于民间非营利组织初创期发展有正向和决定性影响。同时发现,魅力型领导对A组织后期制度化转型的影响主要取决于不确定因素的数量。发展中不确定因素越多,组织就越依赖创始人魅力型领导。深究案例,创始人魅力型领导之所以成为A组织甚至是其他发展中国家民间非营利组织发展的一个重要现象,是由民间非营利组织自身特性,发展中国家的政治、政策多变性和资源获得的不稳定性等内、外双重因素决定的。本研究是第一个以中国本土民间非营利组织创始人为个案的魅力型领导研究,我们期待相应讨论对深化中国甚至发展中国家非营利领域的魅力型领导研究有所启发。
For organizational development,the role of charismatic leadership could be both positive and negative.Most literature treats charismatic leadership among non-profit organizations as a challenge to be tackled.However,there are sporadic studies which believe that the founder's charismatic leadership is crucial for the development of civil society based non-profit organizations especially in developing countries.In this paper,based on the studies of charismatic leadership,we used a Chinese civil society based nonprofit organization named A Organization as the case for study.With in-depth description,we demonstrate that founder's charismatic leadership is crucial and positive for the organizational development at the birth stage,but its impact on the transition to the organizational institutionalization of self-sustaining is decided by the quantity of uncertainties at the differentiation stage.The more uncertainties there are,the more reliance on the founder's charismatic leadership would be.Based on the case analysis,we also provide the critical analysis on why founder's charismatic leadership is persistent among civil society based non-profit organizations in China and even in other developing countries.We identified that the nature of non-profit organizations and the uncertainties of external environment in developing countries are two key influential factors.This paper conducts the first case study of the role of founder's charismatic leadership on the development of civil society based non-profit organizations in China,which is expected to broaden the horizon and enrich the resources for the charismatic leadership studies in non-profit areas,especially in developing countries.
作者
张文娟
张圣
Zhang Wenjuan;Zhang Sheng
出处
《中国非营利评论》
2022年第2期138-156,共19页
China Nonprofit Review
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“慈善组织的治理和监督机制研究”(20&ZD182)。
关键词
民间非营利组织
魅力型领导
创始人
Civil Society Based Non-Profit Organization
Charismatic Leadership
Founder
