摘要
绿色矿山建设,国际上多称为可持续采矿或负责任采矿,已经成为当今矿业实现可持续发展的根本要求和广泛共识。对比研究国际国内绿色矿山建设标准的差异,不仅对深刻认识我国绿色矿山建设的国际化水平有重要意义,同时可以为进一步提高相关标准和实践质量提供经验借鉴。通过对国际采矿与金属理事会(ICMM)制定的可持续采矿原则38项绩效目标与我国有色金属行业绿色矿山建设规范6大方面内容指标进行对比分析,发现我国标准部分内容与ICMM的标准具有较好对比性,要素设置与ESG理念较为契合,不仅涵盖了采矿的环境问题,也对企业承担社会责任和企业治理的关键问题提出要求;结合不同部门对矿山生产提出的具体要求,对绿色矿山实践水平进行综合分析,认为我国绿色矿山建设实践具有一定的国际先进性。在合理借鉴ICMM采矿原则、客观分析国内形势与问题的基础上,提出应在现行标准中融入并整合气候变化、节能减排、资源节约利用、水管理、环境治理、尾矿处置等环境领域的政策要求,工人权利、健康安全等社会问题,以及防止腐败、信息披露、风险管理等治理内容,从国家层面构建覆盖采矿全生命周期、不同规模矿山企业的标准化体系,以提升绿色矿山建设的质量,提高我国标准的国际认可度,破解我国绿色矿山建设的国际适应困境。
Green mine construction,internationally known as sustainable mining or responsible mining,has become the fundamental requirement and broad consensus for realize sustainable development of current mining industry.The comparative study of the differences between international and domestic green mine construction standards was not only of great significance for a deep understanding of the internationalization level of China's green mine construction,but also can provide experiences for further improving related standards and practice quality.Through the comparative analysis of the 38 performance objectives of sustainable mining principles formulated by the International Council on Mining and Metals(ICMM)and the 6 content indicators of green mine construction specification of China's non-ferrous metal industry,it is found that partial contents of China's standard were in good contrast with ICMM,and the element setting was in line with the ESG concept,which not only covers the environmental problems of mining,but also puts forward requirements for the key issues of corporate assume social responsibility and corporate governance.Combined with the specific requirements of different departments for mine production,the practice level of green mine was comprehensively analyzed,it was considered that China's green mine construction practice had certain international progressiveness.On the basis of reasonable reference to ICMM mining principles and objective analysis of domestic situation and problems,it is proposed that the current standards should integrate the requirements in the environmental fields such as climate change,energy conservation and emission reduction,resource conservation and utilization,water management,environmental governance,tailings disposal,social issues such as workers'rights,health and safety,as well as prevent corruption,information disclosure,risk management and other governance contents,moreover,a standardized system covering the entire mining life cycle and mining enterprises of different scales at the national level should be established to improve the quality of green mine construction,improve the international recognition of China's standards,and solve the international adaptation dilemma of China's green mine construction.
作者
李杏茹
禚传源
赵祺彬
刘兰玉
LI Xingru;ZHOU Chuanyuan;ZHAO Qibin;LIU Lanyu(Chinese Academy of Natural Resources Economics,Beijing 100035,China;Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences,Jinan,Shandong 250013,China;Shandong GEO-Surveying&Mapping Institute,Jinan,Shandong 25001l,China)
出处
《矿业研究与开发》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第4期224-232,共9页
Mining Research and Development
基金
自然资源部部门预算项目(121102000000190027)。
