摘要
随着社会进步和生活水平的提高,中国不同地区的居民膳食模式呈现差异,仍存在营养不均衡、慢性病患者基数增加的现象。本文通过调研文献汇总中国不同地区居民的膳食模式特征、分布及与常见慢性病的相关研究进展,针对膳食结构存在不合理的人群提出营养指导。对于不同地区的人群而言,更推荐烹饪少盐清淡,并以豆制品、水产品、奶类、果蔬为主的东方健康膳食模式。对不同年龄人群而言,婴幼儿需要补充果蔬、豆类保证膳食健康,更推荐能量为主的营养均衡膳食模式和以优质蛋白为主的西方膳食模式;青少年要减少油炸食品摄入,更推荐富含奶类、果蔬的多样性膳食模式;中老年要注重增加蛋白质、膳食纤维、脂肪和肉禽类的摄入,更推荐以果蔬和全谷物为主的膳食模式。对于不同慢性疾病而言,推荐素食模式(以果蔬类、豆制品和蛋类为主)或均衡膳食模式(以粗杂粮、蔬菜、蛋类、豆制品、海产品为主)能够显著降低高血压、肥胖病、肾病、阿尔兹海默症等患病风险并能改善患者病情。这为引导居民合理膳食消费、优化膳食结构和减少慢性疾病的发生提供一定的参考依据。
With the progress of society and the improvement of living standards,the dietary patterns of the population in different regions of China show differences,and there are still nutritional imbalances and an increasing number of patients with chronic diseases.In this paper,the dietary pattern characteristics,distribution,and research progress related to common chronic diseases of residents in different regions of China are summarized through the research literature,and nutritional guidance is proposed for people with unreasonable dietary structures.For people in different regions,it is recommended to cook less salt and light,and to soy products,aquatic products,milk,fruits and vegetables based on the oriental healthy meal model.For people of different ages,infants and young children need to supplement fruits and vegetables and pulses to ensure dietary health,and it is more recommended to have a balanced diet based on energy and a western diet based on high-quality protein.Teenagers should reduce their intake of fried foods,and recommend a variety of dietary patterns rich in milk,fruits and vegetables.Middle-aged and elderly people should pay attention to increasing the intake of protein,dietary fiber,fat,meat and poultry,and recommend the dietary mode based on fruits and vegetables and whole grains.For different chronic diseases,the recommended vegetarian diet(mainly fruits and vegetables,soy products and eggs)or balanced diet mode(mainly coarse grains,vegetables,eggs,soy products,seafood)could significantly reduce the risk of hypertension,obesity,kidney disease,Alzheimer's disease and other diseases and improve the patient's condition.This paper would provide a certain reference for guiding residents to rational dietary consumption,optimizing dietary structure and reducing the occurrence of chronic diseases.
作者
马志敏
郝晓燕
王东阳
王秀丽
孙奕良
李海燕
MA Zhimin;HAO Xiaoyan;WANG Dongyang;WANG Xiuli;SUN Yiliang;LI Haiyan(China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;China Grain Research and Training Center,Beijing 100834,China;Institute of Food and Nutrition Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《食品工业科技》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第10期396-405,共10页
Science and Technology of Food Industry
基金
中国农业科学院科技创新工程-重点人群膳食指导应用研究及科普推广(ASTIP2022A-4)。
关键词
膳食模式
膳食指南
食物结构
预防慢性病
dietary pattern
dietary guideline
food structure
prevention of chronic diseases
