摘要
喜马拉雅山脉是全球著名的生物多样性热点地区之一。该研究对以往收集的喜马拉雅山脉南、北坡植物物种名录及其分布数据进行整合,借助在线数据库对分布数据进行补充与修订,最后整理并汇总了喜马拉雅山脉位于中国、印度、尼泊尔、不丹4国境内的种子植物分布情况,并在此基础上对科属特征、物种组成相似性、区系成分以及海拔梯度上物种分布格局进行分析,为该区域的生物多样性研究以及保护提供数据支撑。结果表明:(1)喜马拉雅山脉共分布有种子植物11 875种,隶属223科2 086属,其中包含7 906种草本植物(66.6%),2 583种灌木(21.8%)和1 386种乔木(11.7%)。(2)研究区涵盖物种数量位于前20的科有菊科(Asteraceae)、兰科(Orchidaceae)、禾本科(Poaceae)、豆科(Fabaceae)、杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)等科,共包含物种7 456种,约占喜马拉雅山脉植物种的62.8%;涵盖物种数量位于前20的属有杜鹃花属(Rhododendron)、报春花属(Primula)、马先蒿属(Pedicularis)、虎耳草属(Saxifraga)、薹草属(Carex)等属,共有物种2 235种,约占喜马拉雅山脉总植物种的18.8%。(3)研究区科和属的区系成分均以热带成分为主(占比分别为51.6%和54.2%)。(4)喜马拉雅山脉范围内的中国、印度、尼泊尔和不丹分别有种子植物8 571、5 306、5 304和5 613种,且尼泊尔与不丹两国的物种相似性最高(科、属、种水平相似性依次为92.7%、75.0%和54.9%),而中国与印度两国的物种相似性最低(科、属、种水平相似性依次为83.7%、61.9%和31.1%)。(5)研究区物种丰富度随着海拔的升高呈先上升后水平波动且最后快速下降的变化趋势,主要集中分布于海拔为1 500~3 500 m的范围内,当海拔超过4 000 m后仅有少数草本植物分布。
The Himalaya is regarded as one of the most important biodiversity hotspots on earth.Based on the combination of species lists and distribution data on the southern and northern slopes of the Himalaya collected by previous studies,as well as supplement of online databases,this study summarized the distribution of Himalayan seed plants in China,India,Nepal and Bhutan,and analyzed the characteristics,species composition similarity,floristic composition and elevational distribution patterns,which would provide data support for Himalayan biodiversity studies and conservation.The results show that:(1)the Himalaya harbors 11875 seed plants species(belonging to 2086 genera and 223 families),of which 7906 are herbaceous species(66.6%),2583 are shrub species(21.8%)and 1386 are tree species(11.7%),respectively.(2)Families with a large number of species(including Asteraceae,Orchidaceae,Poaceae,Fabaceae,Ericaceae and other families)contain 7456 species,accounting for 62.8%of the species in the Himalaya,and genera with a large number of species(including Rhododendron,Primula,Pedicularis,Saxifraga,Carex and other genera)contain 2235 species,accounting for 18.8%of the Himalayan plants.(3)Floristic components of family and genus are mainly tropical element(accounting for 51.6%and 54.2%,respectively).(4)China,India,Nepal,Bhutan of the Himalaya have 8571,5306,5304 and 5613 plant species,respectively,and species similarity between Nepal and Bhutan is the highest(The similarity of family,genus and species are 92.7%,75.0%and 54.9%,respectively),while China and India have the lowest species similarity(The similarity of family,genus and species are 83.7%,61.9%and 31.1%,respectively).(5)With an increase of elevation,species richness first increased,then fluctuated horizontally,and finally decreased rapidly,and most species occurred at low-intermediate elevations(1500-3500 m),only a few herbaceous plants are found at elevation above 4000 m.
作者
卢子欣
卢晓琳
余鸿君
叶敏俐
郭玉芬
于海彬
LU Zixin;LU Xiaolin;YU Hongjun;YE Minli;GUO Yufen;YU Haibin(Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China,School of Life Sciences,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)
出处
《西北植物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期698-707,共10页
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(31901212)
大学生创新训练项目(XJ202111078136)。
