摘要
人工育苗是我国培育中间球海胆养殖业种苗的主要手段,然而传统的海胆附着基的人工育苗效果不尽如人意,尤其是在控制稚胆剥离损伤方面。目前,海上吊笼养殖是中间球海胆人工养殖最主要的养成方式之一,而随着室内工厂化养殖技术的更新和优化,海胆的室内工厂化养殖产业发展迅速并受到广泛关注。为探明以软质塑料膜作为中间球海胆附着基的育苗效果以及不同规格种苗养殖的效果,分别使用硬质波纹板和软质塑料膜作附着基进行中间球海胆人工育苗,并开展了大、小两种规格(壳径分别为0.5 cm和2.0 cm)的海胆种苗室内工厂化养殖和海区养殖研究,旨在明确软质塑料膜替代传统硬质波纹板作海胆育苗附着基的可行性以及中间球海胆室内工厂化养殖和海区养殖效果的优劣。实验结果表明:软质塑料膜在采苗效率方面与波纹板无异,但在促进稚胆生长和提高存活率方面优势显著(p<0.05);在不同规格中间球海胆种苗的工厂化养殖和海上养成研究中,相同养殖条件下,养殖12月龄的大规格种苗相较于小规格种苗在生长和存活方面优势显著(p<0.05),同时工厂化养殖能确保更高的养殖成活率和更优的生长性能(p<0.05),然而中间球海胆的工厂化养殖在能源成本、物料成本以及人力成本等方面要远高于海上养成。综上所述,建议在中间球海胆的人工育苗中使用软质塑料膜替代硬质波纹板附着基,在海胆人工养殖中应该尽可能选择2.0 cm以上甚至更大规格的中间球海胆种苗。此外,虽然可以通过深海井水进行温度调控,实现中间球海胆的室内工厂化养殖和安全度夏,但是由于各项投入较高,在生产实践中,需要根据预算和养殖预期进行选择。本研究旨在为中间球海胆人工繁育技术革新和室内工厂化养殖提供科学参考。
Artificial breeding is the main source of sea urchin aquaculture in China.However,the traditional attaching substrate is used in sea urchin artificial breeding is far from satisfactory,especially in the control of sea urchin seed damage in the stripping process.At present,off-shore cage-farming is one of the most popular methods in Strongylocentrotus intermedius aquaculture in China.With the upgrading technology of indoor factory culture,the indoor factory culture of sea urchin has been widely concerned.To verify the feasibility of soft plastic film in sea urchin artificial breeding,and indoor aquaculture,a comparative study was carried out on the traditional substrate and soft plastic film in the process of urchin seed production.Meanwhile,indoor industrialized cultivation and marine cultivation of two sizes of seed(shell diameter 0.5 cm and 2.0 cm)were conducted.The results show that the soft plastic film has no significant difference from the traditional substrate in sea urchin breeding,but has significant advantages in survival and growth rates(p<0.05);In the comparative study of indoor factory and off-shore cultivation,under the same conditions,the large seeds(2.0 cm)have significant advantages in growth and survival rates,compared with the small ones(0.5 cm,p<0.05)after 12 months of cultivation.Also,indoor factory cultivation could ensure higher survival rate and growth rates(p<0.05),yet higher costs in practice than that of offshore cultivation.To sum up,this paper suggests using soft plastic film as a replacement for the traditional material in the sea urchin artificial breeding,and using larger size urchin seeds in farming practice.In addition,indoor factory cultivation of sea urchin is applicable,following an investment assessment based on production budget and breeding expectation.The results of this study provide a scientific reference for the technical innovation of artificial breeding and indoor factory culturing of sea urchin.
作者
冯纪虎
田德阳
袁廷柱
袁孟强
郭文剑
王晓娜
黄宝玉
魏磊
刘雅琼
张美溦
韩怡静
张学开
王晓通
FENG Jihu;TIAN Deyang;YUAN Tingzhu;YUAN Mengqiang;GUO Wenjian;WANG Xiaona;HUANG Baoyu;WEI Lei;LIU Yaqiong;ZHANG Meiwei;HAN Yijing;ZHANG Xuekai;WANG Xiaotong(School of Agriculture,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China;Yantai Engineering Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Characteristic Marine Organisms,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China;Laizhou LiYang Aquatic Development Co.,LTD,Yantai 261441,China;Marine Economic Promotion Center of Changdao Island Marine Ecological Civilization Comprehensive Test Zone,Yantai 265800,China)
出处
《海洋通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期325-333,共9页
Marine Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(42076088)
烟台市特色海洋生物开发利用工程实验室开放课题(YTTHS-202203)
山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)项目(2022LZGC015)
烟台市省级以上领军人才专项配套经费资助(202203)
山东省泰山学者专项基金(tsqn201812094)
山东省现代农业产业技术体系(SDAIT-14-03)
山东省高等学校“青创科技计划”(2019KJF004)。
关键词
中间球海胆
人工育苗
附着基改良
工厂化养殖
海上养殖
Strongylocentrotus intermedius
artificial breeding
attaching materials improvement
indoor factory
offshore cultivation
