摘要
本试验通过研究玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕型饲粮蛋白质水平及氨基酸平衡数量对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、养分表观代谢率以及氮排放的影响,探究蛋鸡玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕型低蛋白质饲粮的可行性,并确定适宜的蛋白质水平以及合理的氨基酸平衡模式。选取504只400日龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为7组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。各组饲粮类型均为玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕型,其中1组(对照组)饲粮蛋白质水平为15.5%,2、3、4组饲粮蛋白质水平在对照组饲粮蛋白质水平的基础上降低1.5%并分别平衡蛋氨酸(Met)+赖氨酸(Lys)、Met+Lys+苏氨酸(Thr)和Met+Lys+Thr+色氨酸(Trp),5、6、7组饲粮蛋白质水平在对照组饲粮蛋白质水平的基础上降低3%并分别平衡Met+Lys、Met+Lys+Thr和Met+Lys+Thr+Trp。试验期为91 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期84 d。结果显示:1)饲粮蛋白质水平显著影响产蛋率和料蛋比(P<0.05)。氨基酸平衡数量显著影响产蛋率(P<0.05)。饲粮蛋白质水平与氨基酸平衡数量对产蛋率和料蛋比存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,2、3、4组的各项生产性能指标无显著差异(P>0.05);5、6、7组的产蛋率显著降低(P<0.05),料蛋比显著增加(P<0.05)。2)饲粮蛋白质水平和氨基酸平衡数量对蛋品质各项指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮蛋白质水平与氨基酸平衡数量对蛋品质各项指标无显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。3)饲粮蛋白质水平显著影响粗蛋白质表观代谢率(P<0.05)。氨基酸平衡数量对粗蛋白质、能量和粗灰分表观代谢率无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮蛋白质水平与氨基酸平衡数量对粗蛋白质表观代谢率有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,2、3、4组的粗蛋白质表观代谢率均显著提高(P<0.05)。4)饲粮蛋白质水平和氨基酸平衡数量均显著影响粪中吲哚、粪臭素以及氨气含量(P<0.05)。饲粮蛋白质水平与氨基酸平衡数量对粪中吲哚、粪臭素以及氨气含量有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,3、4、5、6、7组粪中吲哚含量均显著降低(P<0.05),2、3、4、5、6、7组粪中粪臭素和氨气含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。5)2、3、4组的利润均高于对照组,且以2组的经济效益最好。综上可知,在本试验条件下,蛋鸡生产中应用玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕型低蛋白质饲粮具有可行性。玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕型饲粮蛋白质水平由15.5%降至14.0%并平衡Met+Lys对蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质无负面影响,同时可提高粗蛋白质表观代谢率,减少氮排放,具有最好的经济效益,此时饲粮氨基酸平衡模式为Lys∶Met∶Thr∶Trp=100∶45∶54∶15;玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕型饲粮蛋白质水平由15.5%降至12.5%时,即使平衡Met+Lys+Thr+Trp,依旧会对蛋鸡的生产性能产生负面影响。
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the protein level and amino acid balance quantity of corn-soybean meal-cottonseed meal type diet on performance,egg quality,nutrient apparent metabolic rates and nitrogen emission of laying hens,in order to explore the feasibility of corn-soybean meal-cottonseed meal type low-protein diet in laying hen production,and to determine the appropriate protein level and reasonable amino acids balance model.A total of 504 healthy 400-day-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 7 groups with 6 replicates per group and 12 hens per replicate.The type of diets for all groups was corn-soybean meal-cottonseed meal type.The dietary protein level of group 1(control group)was 15.5%.On the basis of the dietary protein level of control group,the dietary protein levels of groups 2,3 and 4 were decreased by 1.5%and methionine(Met)+lysine(Lys),Met+Lys+threonine(Thr),Met+Lys+Thr+tryptophan(Trp)were balanced,respectively;the dietary protein levels of groups 5,6 and 7 were decreased by 3.0%and Met+Lys,Met+Lys+Thr,Met+Lys+Thr+Trp were balanced,respectively.The experiment lasted for 91 days,including 7 days of pre-test and 84 days for formal test.The results showed as follows:1)dietary protein level significantly affected laying rate and feed to egg ratio(P<0.05).Amino acid balance quantity significantly affected laying rate(P<0.05).Dietary protein level and amino acid balance quantity had significant interactions on laying rate and feed to egg ratio(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,there were no significant effects in the performance indicators of groups 2,3 and 4,but the laying rate of groups 5,6 and 7 decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the feed to egg ratio increased significantly(P<0.05).2)Dietary protein level and amino acid balance quantity had no significant effects on egg quality indexes(P>0.05).Moreover,there were no significant interactions between dietary protein level and amino acid balance quantity on egg quality indexes(P>0.05).3)Dietary protein level significantly affected the apparent metabolic rate of crude protein(P<0.05).Amino acid balance quantity had no significant effects on the apparent metabolic rates of crude protein,energy and ash(P>0.05).Dietary protein level and amino acid balance quantity had a significant interaction on apparent metabolic rate of crude protein(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the apparent metabolic rate of crude protein of groups 2,3 and 4 was significantly increased(P<0.05).4)Dietary protein level and amino acid balance quantity significantly affected the contents of indole,skatole and ammonia in feces of laying hens(P<0.05).Dietary protein level and amino acid balance quantity had significant interactions on the contents of indole,skatole and ammonia in feces of laying hens(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the content of indole in feces of groups 3,4,5,6 and 7 was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and the contents of skatole and ammonia in feces of groups 2,3,4,5,6 and 7 were significantly reduced(P<0.05).5)The profit of groups 2,3 and 4 was higher than that of control group,and the economic benefit of group 2 was the highest.In summary,under this experimental condition,the corn-soybean meal-cottonseed meal type low-protein diet is feasible to apply in the production of laying hens.The protein level of the corn-soybean meal-cottonseed meal type diet can be reduced from 15.5%to 14.0%along with the balance of Met and Lys has no negative effect on the performance and egg quality of laying hens,moreover,it can improve the apparent metabolic rate of crude protein and reduce the nitrogen emission of laying hens,which has the highest economic benefit,at this time,the dietary amino acid balance pattern is Lys∶Met∶Thr∶Trp=100∶45∶54∶15.However,when the protein level of the corn-soybean meal-cottonseed meal type diet is reduced from 15.5%to 12.5%,even the balance of Met,Lys,Thr and Trp,it still has a negative impact on performance.
作者
赵前程
赵国先
马可为
郝艳霜
刘观忠
李茜
杨博文
刘闰
常丹萍
王秋凡
于世征
ZHAO Qiancheng;ZHAO Guoxian;MA Kewei;HAO Yanshuang;LIU Guanzhong;LI Qian;YANG Bowen;LIU Run;CHANG Danping;WANG Qiufan;YU Shizheng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Baoding Vocational and Technical College,Baoding 071000,China;Hebei Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Baoding 071000,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期3001-3013,共13页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
河北省现代农业产业技术体系蛋肉鸡创新团队建设项目(HBCT2018150203)
河北省重点研发计划项目(19227305D)
现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-40-S03)。
关键词
蛋鸡
低蛋白质
豆粕
棉籽粕
氨基酸平衡模式
laying hens
low protein
soybean meal
cottonseed meal
amino acid balance model
