摘要
【目的】油桐是四大木本油树种之一,其桐油是当前环保涂料的重要原料。但当前油桐产量低限制了油桐产业的发展,而激素对植物的增产增收有重要作用,旨在探寻促进油桐增产增收的重要激素类型。【方法】以油桐品种‘葡萄桐’6年生树体为试材,利用田间调查法对油桐林树体资源进行分类,同时以油桐雄树为材料,采用形态学观察法对雄树花芽分化过程进行了观察。通过喷施不同质量浓度的赤霉素(GA3)、生长素(IAA)、细胞分裂素(6-BA)及乙烯利(CEPA)等4种植物生长调节剂,系统研究了外源激素对油桐开花性状的影响。【结果】在油桐林中,根据雌雄花的数量和种类,可以将其划分4种类型,分别为单花纯雌花树体、多花纯雌花树体、雌雄同株树体、多花纯雄花树体。油桐雄树花芽分化过程历时约3个月,可分为叶原基分化、花序原基分化、花序轴分化、花器官分化4个阶段。外源IAA处理油桐雄树的花数量和花性别未发生显著变化。高质量浓度的CEPA对油桐开花性状没有影响且抑制油桐开花。一定质量浓度的GA3可以诱导油桐雄树少量雌花的形成,同时也减少了花的数量。6-BA质量浓度为160 mg/L时,雌花数量最多,质量浓度为640 mg/L时,油桐纯雄花序转变成纯雌花序,质量浓度到达1280 mg/L时,油桐纯雄花芽不开花;6-BA诱导雄树形成的雌、雄花结构发育正常,果实品质与雌雄同株树果实品质一致。【结论】适当质量浓度的6-BA可显著增加油桐雌花和坐果数量,6-BA是油桐增产增收的重要激素类型。本研究为建立油桐产量提升的精准调控技术提供了重要科学依据,同时也为油桐产业发展奠定了重要基础。
【Objective】Tung tree(Vernicia fordii)is an important economical woody oil plant.Tung oil is an important raw material for current environmentally friendly coatings.But the low production of tung trees has limited the development of the tung oil industry.Phytohormone has an important role in increasing the production of plants.This research aimed to explore the important hormone types that promote the yield of tung trees.【Method】In this study,the 6-year-old trees of“putaotong”were used as test materials,and the tung tree resources of the forest were classified by the field investigation method.Meanwhile,the flower bud differentiation process of male trees of“putaotong”was observed by morphological observation,and the effect of exogenous hormones on the flowering characters of tung trees was studied by spraying four plant growth regulators,including GA3,IAA,6-BA and CEPA.【Result】According to the number and species of male and female flowers,tung trees can be divided into four types:single-flower pure female trees,multi-flower pure female trees,monoecious trees and multi-flower pure male trees.The process of flower bud differentiation in the tung male tree lasted about 3 months including leaf primordia differentiation,inflorescence primordia differentiation,inflorescence axis differentiation and floral organ differentiation.There were no significant changes in the number and sex of male flowers treated with exogenous IAA.High concentrations of CEPA had no effect on the flowering characteristics of tung trees and inhibited their flowering.A certain concentration of GA3 could induce the formation of a small number of female flowers and reduce the number of flowers in the male tung trees.The male tree had the most female flowers when the concentration of 6-BA was 160 mg/L.When the concentration of 6-BA was up to 640 mg/L,the male inflorescence was transformed into a pure female inflorescence.When the concentration of 6-BA was up to 1280 mg/L,pure male flower buds did not bloom.The female flowers developed normally,and the fruit quality was consistent with the quality of the monoecious tung tree.【Conclusion】These results indicated that 6-BA could significantly increase the number of female flowers and fruit sets of tung trees.6-BA was an important phytohormone type for increasing the yield of tung trees.This research provided an important scientific basis for the establishment of precise regulation technology for improving the production of tung trees,and it also laid an important foundation for the development of the tung tree industry.
作者
王镓钡
李文莹
葛畅
张琳
谭晓风
刘美兰
WANG Jiabei;LI Wenying;GE Chang;ZHANG Lin;TAN Xiaofeng;LIU Meilan(College of Forestry,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees,Ministry of Education,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Key Laboratory of Non-wood Forest Products,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期20-32,110,共14页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ41072,2021JJ30044)
长沙市自然科学基金项目(kq2014156)
湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(19B600)。
关键词
激素
油桐
雌花
开花
坐果数量
phytohormone
tung tree
female flower
flowering
fruit number
