摘要
缩小城乡收入差距是推进共同富裕的关键。本文利用中国城市层面的数据,借助市场准入负面清单模式试点构建双重差分模型,考察市场准入管制放松对城乡收入差距的影响及其背后的作用机制。研究发现,负面清单模式下的市场准入管制放松有助于缩小城乡收入差距,且具有显著的区域异质性,在中西部地区表现得尤为明显。经培根分解、试点非随机性、干扰政策、替换变量以及安慰剂等一系列稳健性检验后,上述结果依然成立。路径分析表明,优化城乡间资本要素配置和劳动要素配置是市场准入管制放松缩小城乡收入差距的核心机制,具体表现为农村固定资产投资和非农从业比例的显著提升。本文还证实,负面清单模式下的市场准入管制放松对城乡收入差距的缩小效应更多地起着“雪中送炭”而非“锦上添花”的作用,即负面清单模式主要缓解了城乡收入差距较大的城市的城乡收入不平等。本文的研究表明,完善市场准入基础性制度有利于优化收入分配格局,同时也为加快建设全国统一大市场提供了理论依据。
The income gap between urban and rural areas accounts for more than 30%of the overall income gap in China.Thus,narrowing the urban-rural income gap is undoubtedly the key to promoting common prosperity in the country.In this context,the core issue of this paper is how the Negative List-based market access,as an important institutional arrangement for building a high-level socialist market economic system in China,will affect the urban-rural income gap.Using city-level panel data in China from 2011 to 2018,this paper constructs a DID model by utilizing the quasi-natural experiment of the Negative List pilot program to conduct empirical analysis.The main conclusion is that the relaxation of market access regulation under the Negative List model significantly narrows the urban-rural income gap,explaining 12.2%of the shrinkage during the sample period.Mechanism analysis finds that relaxing market access regulation can narrow the urban-rural income gap by optimizing the allocation of capital and labor factors between urban and rural areas.Finally,this paper also finds that the narrowing effect is more pronounced in cities with a larger urban-rural income multiple.The possible marginal contribution of this paper is twofold.First,it systematically analyzes the important role and impact mechanism of market access regulation in the change of urban-rural income gap in China,provides a new explanation for understanding the reduced income inequality from the perspective of market access.By constructing a quasi-natural experiment research framework with the policy shock of the Negative List for market access,it also minimizes the interference of endogeneity problems.Second,there are still few studies on the economic effects of the Negative List model from the perspective of the Chinese context.This paper tries to establish a connection between this major institutional innovation and China's income distribution pattern by exploring the relationship between market access and urban-rural income gap,which is a useful supplement and extension to existing literature on the economic effects of the Negative List.This paper not only enriches the literature on the economic effects of the Negative List but also deepens the understanding of the reasons for the changes in the urban-rural income gap in China.Based on the above conclusions,this paper has the following implications.The government should continue to advance the reform to relax market access regulation,fully implement the Negative List model of“one list for the whole country”,and speed up the development of a unified national market to help narrow the urban-rural income gap.Promoting a combination of market-driven and government-guided approaches,and better grasping the relationship between effective markets and proactive governments,may be a feasible strategy for optimizing and stabilizing the income distribution pattern.The Negative List is an important institutional arrangement for China to advance the market-oriented reform.The research conclusions of this paper actually confirm that marketization can narrow the urban-rural income gap which,however,has failed to converge with the marketization process in China.Therefore,studying which market-oriented reform can narrow this gap may be a direction worth researching in the future.
作者
雷卓骏
黄凌云
张宽
LEI Zhuojun;HUANG Lingyun;ZHANG Kuan(Chongqing University,400030;Sichuan Agricultural University,311130)
出处
《财贸经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期144-160,共17页
Finance & Trade Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“外资市场准入政策演进对中国要素收入分配格局的影响研究”(19XJL006)
重庆市教委人文社科重点研究基地与中央高校基本科研业务费咨询项目“重庆科技创新资源配置效率的时空演化与优化研究”(22SKJD005)
重庆市社科规划办哲学社会科学规划研究项目特别委托项目“碳关税对重庆对外贸易发展的影响研究”(2022ZDZK03)。
关键词
市场准入
负面清单
城乡收入差距
Market Access
Negative List
Urban-Rural Income Gap
