摘要
目的分析2019年全国采矿业和制造业用人单位的职业病防治现状,为全国制修订职业病防治政策、标准提供科学依据。方法于2022年5月,从国家工作场所职业病危害因素监测系统导出2019年全国工作场所职业病危害因素监测数据,对采矿业和制造业共63563家用人单位的职业卫生培训、职业病危害项目申报、职业病危害因素定期检测、职业健康检查等职业病防治情况按地区、企业规模、经济类型进行分析。结果用人单位负责人培训率为76.17%,职业卫生管理人员培训率为76.97%,职业病危害项目申报率为67.58%,职业病危害因素定期检测开展率为57.16%,职业健康检查开展率为62.42%,除防尘口罩发放率超过90%以外,各类职业病防护设施的设置率及防毒口罩和防噪耳塞的发放率均不足80%。不同地区、企业规模、经济类型的用人单位职业病防治各项指标的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论我国仍有部分用人单位未落实职业病防治各项职责,应对其采取专项帮扶、指导等措施,并加强监督,提升用人单位的职业病防治意识和防治水平。
Objective To analyze the status of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases among mining and manufacturing industries in China in 2019,provide the scientific basis for the formulation and revision of policies and standards of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases.Methods In May 2022,Collecting data of a project named Surveillance of Occupational Hazards in the Workplace in 2019 through the National Surveillance System for Occupational Hazards in the workplace.Compare the status of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in 63563 enterprises of mining and manufacturing industries among different dimensions.Results The training rate of managers was 76.17%and that of occupational health managers was 76.97%.The rate of reporting of occupational diseases hazardous items was 67.58%,the rate of launching of the detection of occupational hazards was 57.16%,and the rate of launching of occupational health examination was 62.42%.Excluding the distribution rate of dust mask,the installation rate of various occupational prevention facilities and the distribution rate of gas mask and hearing protector were less than 80%.The differences in all the indicators among different areas,enterprise scales,economic types were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion There are still some enterprises which are relatively weak in the ability of the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in China.Measures such as special support,guidance and strengthen supervision should be taken towards those enterprises toimprove the awareness of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and the level of that.
作者
郑晋南
余悦
张思雨
杜燮祎
王鸿飞
胡伟江
Zheng Jinnan;Yu Yue;Zhang Siyu;Du Xieyi;Wang Hongfei;Hu Weijiang(National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期338-344,共7页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
关键词
采矿业
制造业
职业病防治
Mining
Manufacturing
Prevention and treatment of occupational diseases
