摘要
湖泊是我国西北地区人民生活生产和社会经济发展等诸多方面的重要水资源,湖泊系统的动态变化将会导致一系列生态环境问题,但干旱区的湖泊变化问题关注度较少。以中国西北部水资源缺乏的银川平原为研究区,采用了遥感和GIS技术、空间分析、连续小波分析和主成分分析等方法,探究了银川平原近30年典型湖泊的面积动态变化情况,并揭示气象因子、人类活动和引黄灌溉等关键因素对湖泊演变的影响。结果发现,1990-2020年银川平原湖泊面积呈现明显的减少趋势,湖泊面积从92 km^(2)减少到81 km^(2),银川平原湖泊数量因水系连通工程,小湖泊大范围合并,导致湖泊数量急剧减少,但湖泊数量仅辅助表明银川平原湖泊动态变化情况,湖泊面积和数量的减少趋势,表明银川平原的湖泊水文和生态功能正面临着威胁。统计分析表明,1990-2020年平均气温和年降雨量呈现微弱升高趋势,而城市居民取水量、耗水量、引黄总量和排黄总量均呈逐步减少趋势,对银川平原湖泊面积动态变化均存在一定影响。归因分析得出,银川平原气象要素,即气温和降水量对银川平原湖泊面积动态变化的影响较小,引黄灌溉量是导致银川平原湖泊面积减少的主要因素。研究可为银川平原湖泊水资源利用、干旱区生态环境保护和城市经济有效发展等方面提供科学依据。
Lakes are important water resources for many aspects of people’s life and production and socio-economic development in northwest China,and the dynamic changes of lake systems will lead to a series of ecological and environmental problems,but less attention has been paid to the problem of lake changes in arid areas.In this paper,remote sensing and GIS techniques,spatial analysis,continuous wavelet analysis and principal component analysis are used to explore the dynamic changes of typical lakes in Yinchuan Plain over the past 30 years and to reveal the influence of key factors such as meteorological factors,human activities and Yellow River irrigation on the evolution of lakes,taking Yinchuan Plains,a water scarce area,as the study area in northwestern China.The results show that the lake area of Yinchuan Plains showed an obvious decreasing trend from 1990 to 2020,and the lake area decreased from 92 to 81 km^(2).The number of lakes in Yinchuan Plain was drastically reduced due to the water system connection project and the large-scale merging of small lakes,but the number of lakes only helped to indicate the dynamic changes of lakes in Yinchuan Plains,and the decreasing trend of lake area and number indicate that the Yinchuan Plain of lake hydrology and ecological functions are facing threats.The statistical analysis shows that the average temperature and annual rainfall from 1990 to 2020 showed a slight increasing trend,while the water extraction and consumption by urban residents,the total amount of Yellow River diversion and the total amount of Yellow River discharge show a gradually decreasing trend,which has some influence on the dynamic change of lake areas in Yinchuan Plains.The attribution analysis shows that the meteorological factors,i.e.,temperature and precipitation,have less influence on the dynamic change of lake areas in Yinchuan Plains,and the amount of Yellow River irrigation is the main factor leading to the decrease in lake area in Yinchuan Plains.This paper can provide a scientific basis for the utilization of water resources in the lakes of Yinchuan Plains,ecological protection of the arid areas and effective development of urban economy.
作者
赵贵章
李鸿源
李云良
方磊
张勃
ZHAO Gui-zhang;LI Hong-yuan;LI Yun-liang;FANG Lei;ZHANG Bo(College of Geosciences and Engineering,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046 Henan Province,China;Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu Province,China;Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Hydrological and Environmental Geological Survey Institute,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)
出处
《中国农村水利水电》
北大核心
2023年第6期138-146,153,共10页
China Rural Water and Hydropower
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41372260)
水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室“一带一路”水与可持续发展科技基金项目(2021490511)
中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(Y9CJH01001)。
关键词
银川平原
湖泊动态
统计分析
驱动因子
引黄灌溉
Yinchuan Plains
lake dynamics
statistical analysis
driving factor
Yellow River irrigation
