摘要
针对荞麦种植地小且分散的特点,根据荞麦精少量播种的农艺要求,研制了四行荞麦精量播种机,并根据国标设计进行了排种性能离散元仿真优化验证、台架试验和田间试验.设计了外槽轮式荞麦精少量排种器、单组仿形开沟器、船铲式开沟铲、整体刮板式覆土器、整体仿形机架和传动系统.排种器台架试验表明,各凹槽中荞麦种子平均填充数量为6.6颗,不同转速下排种器每旋转一周平均排出荞麦种子133颗.整机台架试验表明,排种器排量随槽轮工作长度增大而线性增加,不同工作长度下各行排种量一致性变异系数均小于3.9%,总排量稳定性变异系数小于1.3%.田间试验表明,覆土率为96.4%,平均覆土厚度为2.3 cm,覆土厚度合格率为84%,平均播深为7.1 cm,播深合格率为100%,最大播种量为9.15 g/m2,播种均匀性变异系数为9%.以上性能指标均满足国家标准要求.该研究可为荞麦精量播种机具的研发提供参考.
In view of the characteristics of small and scattered buckwheat planting fields,according to the agronomic requirements of precisely sowing small amount of buckwheat seeds,the 4-row buckwheat precise planter was developed,and the discrete element simulation of seed metering performance,bench test and field test were carried out according to the national standard.An outer groove wheel type small-amount precise seed metering device,a single group of profiled ditching device,a boat-shovel type ditching shovel,an integral scraper cover device,an integral profiling frame and a transmission system were designed.The results of bench test showed that the average number of buckwheat seeds filled in each groove was 6.6,and the average number of buckwheat seeds filled in each groove per rotation cycle was 133 at different rotational speeds.The bench test of the whole machine showed that the displacement of seed metering increased linearly with the increase of the working length of the groove wheel.The uniform coefficient of variation of the displacement of seed metering of each row was less than 3.9%under different working lengths,and the stability coefficient of variation of the total seed metering is less than 1.3%.Field experiments showed that the soil coverage rate was 96.4%,the average covering thickness was 2.3 cm,the qualified rate of covering thickness was 84%,the average sowing depth was 7.1 cm,the qualified rate of sowing depth was 100%,the maximum sowing mass per square meter was 9.15 g,and the variation coefficient of sowing uniformity was 9%.The above performance indicators meet the requirements of national standards.This study can provide reference for the research and development of integrated machine for fine and small amount of buckwheat precise seeding and fertilization.
作者
李明生
谢守勇
刘凡一
叶进
孙玉华
刘伟
LI Mingsheng;XIE Shouyong;LIU Fanyi;YE Jin;SUN Yuhua;LIU Wei(College of Engineering and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)
出处
《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期219-228,共10页
Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52105276)
重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(cstc2021jscx-gksb0003)。
关键词
机械化
播种机
荞麦
精量
田间试验
mechanization
seeder
buckwheat
fine and small-amount sowing
field test
