摘要
为了解决传统小麦播种机播种量的调节范围小、播种不均匀等问题,设计了一种基于PLC控制的自动播量调节电气控制系统。系统由PLC控制器、速度传感器、步进电机等组成,替代了传统的地轮和侧边箱式机械驱动模式。其主要的工作原理是将速度传感器安装于拖拉机主动轮内侧,当速度传感器采集到拖拉机速度信号后,发送给PLC,经过运算处理后发送相应的控制信号给步进电机;步进电机按控制指令调节转速,同时带动外槽轮式排种器的排种轴转动。排种轴的速度发生变化,排种槽轮中的种子数量随之改变,使小麦的播量得到调节。试验结果表明:系统能够控制小麦的亩播量误差在5%以内,播种均匀性系数小于40%,满足小麦精播的需求。
In order to solve the problems of small adjustment range and uneven seeding of traditional wheat seeder,this paper designs an electric control system of automatic seeding adjustment based on PLC control.The system is composed of PLC controller,speed sensor,stepping motor and so on,which replaces the traditional ground wheel and side box mechanical driving mode.Its main working principle is to install the speed sensor on the inner side of the driving wheel of the tractor.When the speed sensor collects the speed signal of the tractor,it sends it to the PLC.After calculation and processing,it sends the corresponding control signal to the stepper motor.The stepper motor adjusts the speed according to the control command,and drives the seed metering shaft of the external grooved wheel seed metering device to rotate,and the speed of the seed metering shaft changes,The number of seeds in the metering wheel changes accordingly,so that the sowing amount of wheat is adjusted.The experimental results show that this method can effectively control the wheat seeding error within 5%per mu,and the sowing uniformity coefficient is less than 40%,which can meet the needs of wheat precision sowing and achieve the purpose of reliable and efficient operation of modern agriculture.
作者
崔霞
Cui Xia(Tangshan Labor Technician College,Tangshan 063000,China)
出处
《农机化研究》
北大核心
2023年第12期130-133,139,共5页
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51775479)。
关键词
小麦播种机
电气控制系统
PLC
速度传感器
步进电机
stepper motor wheat seeder
electrical control system
PLC
speed sensor
stepper motor
