摘要
循环冷却水结垢易造成换热效率降低并可能引发安全问题,是实际生产必须重视的问题。相对于投加阻垢剂、石灰软化、离子交换等方法,电化学软化法凭借无需投加药剂、固体产物易分离、易自动化控制的优势,展现出良好的应用前景。但单位面积电极去除硬度的效率低、能耗高及长期运行时硬度去除效率下降的问题限制了其在实际工程中的应用。分析了上述3个问题产生的原因,总结了文献报道的典型对策:依靠提高阴极比表面积、用隔膜分隔阴阳两极改善电极沉积效率低的状况;通过扩大碱性区域、减少电极间距来降低设备运行能耗;通过对阴极的清垢,以及通过强化溶液中的均相成核削弱钙镁沉淀对阴极的覆盖来保障长期运行稳定性。最后对电化学水软化技术的发展进行了总结与展望,指出未来应通过开发新的反应器形式、新的电极来达到提高处理效率、降低能耗、维持设备长期运行稳定性的目标。
Scaling of circulating cooling water would reduce heat exchange efficiency and cause safety problems probably,which must be paid attentions during the practical production.Compared with using scale inhibitor,lime softening and ion exchange,the electrochemical water softening method was distinguished by chemicals freedom,easy separation of solid products and convenient automation,thus displaying a great application prospect.However,low hardness removal efficiency,high energy consumption and the decreased of hardness removal rate after long-term running limited its application.The reasons causing above three problems were analyzed,and typical strategies were summarized.Low hardness removal efficiency might be improved by increasing specific area of cathode,separating cathode and anode with membranes.Energy consumption would be reduced by enlarging alkaline space and decreasing the gap between cathode and anode.Cleaning the cathode and enhancing homogeneous nucleation in the solution to weaken the coverage of calcium magnesium precipitation on the cathode could ensure the long-term running stability.Finally,a summary and outlook were made on the development of electrochemical water softening technology.It was pointed out that the research goal in the field of electrochemical water softening was to develop new reactor forms and new electrodes to improve treatment efficiency,reduce energy consumption,and maintain long-term stability of equipment.
作者
毛伟
于洪涛
MAO Wei;YU Hongtao(Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering,Ministry of Education,School of Environmental Science and Technology,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)
出处
《工业水处理》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期32-40,共9页
Industrial Water Treatment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(21876021)。
关键词
电化学
水软化
硬度
能耗
稳定性
electrochemistry
water softening
hardness
energy consumption
stability
