摘要
【目的】促进杏园土壤蓄肥保肥能力,提高果实产量与品质。【方法】以清耕杏园为对照,研究分析了长期自然生草土壤管理模式对杏园土壤养分及酶活性的影响。【结果】在整个生育期,长期自然生草模式下杏园0~60 cm土层土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性显著提高,与对照相比分别提高27.84%~139.25%,51.56%~235.14%,22.96%~122.06%和57.14%~300.00%,且随土壤深度增加逐渐降低,但过氧化氢酶活性无显著变化。在整个生育期,长期自然生草增加了0~20 cm土层速效氮,除果实二次膨大期外,全氮、全磷也得到显著提高;20~40 cm土层中,果实发育期全磷、速效钾含量增加,而成熟期土壤养分含量仅有效磷增加;40~60 cm土层中,果实发育期速效钾含量增加,成熟期的全钾和速效氮提高。相关分析表明,土壤5种酶活性与土壤速效氮含量分别于不同土层均存在显著相关,而除蛋白酶外土壤全钾与其他4种酶也于不同土层存在显著相关。【结论】杏园长期自然生草模式能显著提高土壤酶活性与0~20 cm土层土壤养分,是改善杏园土壤质量的重要管理措施。
【Objective】To promote the ability of apricot orchard soils to store and retain fertilizer and improve fruit yield and quality.【Method】This experiment investigated the effects of long-term natural grass soil management on changes in soil nutrients and enzyme activities in an apricot orchard.【Result】The activities of soil urease,protease,sucrase and phosphatase in 0~60 cm soil layer of apricot garden significantly increased by 27.84%~139.25%,51.56%~235.14%,22.96%~122.06%and 57.14%~300.00%,respectively,during the whole growth period and gradually decreased with increasing soil depth,but catalase activity did not change significantly.Throughout the growth period,long-term natural grass increased available nitrogen in the 0~20 cm soil layer,and total nitrogen and phosphorus were also significantly increased except in the second fruit expansion stage;in the 20~40 cm soil layer,the contents of total phosphorus and available potassium increased during fruit development,but only available phosphorus increased in mature soil;in the 40~60 cm soil layer,the contents of available potassium increased during fruit development,and total potassium and available nitrogen increased at maturity.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the activities of five enzymes and the content of soil available nitrogen in different soil layers,and except for protease,there was also a significant correlation between soil total potassium and the other four enzymes in different soil layers.【Conclusion】Long-term natural grass cultivation in apricot orchards can significantly improve soil enzyme activity and soil nutrients in the 0~20 cm soil layer,which is an important management measure to improve soil quality in apricot orchards.
作者
刘芬
王帆
王玉安
LIU Fen;WANG Fan;WANG Yu'an(Institute of Fruit and Flower,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Scicnccs,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《甘肃农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2023年第3期190-197,共8页
Journal of Gansu Agricultural University
基金
甘肃省农作物和果树种质资源征集鉴定及保存项目(2021GAAS04)
甘肃省农业科学院学科团队项目(2020GAAS07)。
关键词
杏园
自然生草
土壤养分
酶活性
orchard
natural grass
soil nutrients
enzyme activities
