摘要
地热资源开发利用与地下水运动和水环境演化密切相关。为了给我国大规模地热资源绿色开发与利用提供参考,本文综述了浅层地热资源、中深层水热型地热资源及深部干热岩型地热资源开发现状和典型开采技术。其中:浅层地热资源的开发模式分为土壤源热泵和地下水源热泵;中深层水热型地热资源开发模式主要有直接开采、采灌结合和单井循环;深部干热岩型地热资源通过水力压裂或化学刺激等储层改造技术,形成增强型地热系统(EGS)。结合报道实际案例,评述了地热资源开发对地下水资源与环境的潜在影响,包括地源热泵技术可能导致冷热堆积、水热开采可能引起地下水位下降、干热岩水力压裂可能诱发微地震事件,以及压裂液泄露可能造成化学污染等。针对地热开发对地下水土环境造成的负面影响,提出了有助于地热资源绿色开发的相应措施,包括提高回灌能力、采灌过程中保持水量平衡、保持换热效率与地下热量新平衡,及采用新型材料等。
Geothermal energy exploitation and utilization are closely related to groundwater transport and the evolution of water environment.In this study,wereviewed the development status and typical mining technologies for the shallow geothermal energy stored in the soil and phreatic aquifers,median-to-high-temperature geothermal energy in deep aquifers,and high-temperature geothermal energy stored in the hot dry rocks for informational purposes of sustainable development and utilization of large-scale geothermal resources.In particular,the shallow geothermal energy can be classified into ground source heat pump and ground water heat pump according to the subsurface heat source;Median-to-high-temperature geothermal energy can be exploited mainly by direct mining,combination of production and injection and standing column well system;And high-temperature geothermal energy can be exploited using enhanced geothermal systems(EGS)through reservoir reconstruction technique such as hydraulic fracturing or chemical stimulation.Furthermore,the potential impact of geothermal energy exploitation on the groundwater resources was analyzed and summarized following the reported site cases,mainly focused on the cold and heat accumulation brought by heat pump technology,the decline of groundwater level caused by hydrothermal exploitation and the possibility of microseismic events or fracturing fluid leakage caused by hydraulic fracturing of hot dry rocks.In the end,the approaches were proposed to promote the sustainable development of geothermal resources and reduce the negative impacts on groundwater resources,including improving the recharge capacity,maintaining the water balance in the process of mining and irrigation,maintaining the heat exchange efficiency and the re-balance of underground heat,and adopting new materials.
作者
许天福
陈敬宜
冯波
姜振蛟
Xu Tianfu;Chen Jingyi;Feng Bo;Jiang Zhenjiao(Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment(Jilin University),Ministry of Education,Changchun 130021,China)
出处
《吉林大学学报（地球科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期1149-1162,共14页
Journal of Jilin University：Earth Science Edition
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1501803)。
关键词
地热资源
开采技术
地下水环境
防治措施
可持续开发利用
geothermal energy
mining technology
groundwater environment
prevention approaches
sustainable development and utilization
