摘要
【目的】明确四川主要雪茄烟品种烟碱向降烟碱转化程度和烟碱转化率的株间分布,并对烟碱转化率高的雪茄品种进行品种纯化,以优化四川雪茄烟叶生物碱组成,实现雪茄烟叶增质减害。【方法】以四川雪茄品种德雪1号、德雪3号、德雪4号、德雪5号、德雪7号和什烟1号为试验材料,测定分析各供试品种中部叶的生物碱和TSNAs含量,并通过烟碱转化株的早期诱导鉴别对四川主栽品种(德雪4号、德雪7号和什烟1号)进行纯化改良。【结果】①四川雪茄系列品种的生物碱组成和含量差异较大,且不同品种雪茄烟叶的烟碱转化率株间分布差异较大。其中,德雪5号存在严重的烟碱转化问题,转化株比例为100%,且所有转化株皆为高转化株。什烟1号群体中存在大量的烟碱转化株,其中低转化株居多,占群体总数的37.9%,平均烟碱转化率为18.91%。德雪1号和德雪3号的烟碱转化问题较小,且所有转化株皆为低转化株。德雪4号和德雪7号群体的转化株比例分别为48%和30%。②在对德雪4号、德雪7号和什烟1号3个品种转化株早期诱导鉴定的基础上,严格选择非转化株进行自交,得到相应的纯化种。与对应的常规品种相比,纯化种雪茄烟叶降烟碱含量和烟碱转化率显著降低,N-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)含量和烟草特有亚硝胺(Tobacco specific N-nitrosamines,TSNAs)总量显著下降,其中德雪7号的NNN含量由2615.27 ng/g降低至442.67 ng/g,TSNAs总量由3602.46 ng/g降低至1327.24 ng/g,德雪4号和什烟1号的NNN含量分别由3235.76和3940.32 ng/g降低至945.32和1315.40 ng/g,TSNAs总量分别由5658.51和6669.89 ng/g降低至2889.81和2840.12 ng/g。各纯化种烟叶感官质量得到改善。【结论】四川雪茄品种不同程度存在烟碱转化问题,通过转化株早期诱导鉴定,选择非转化株自交进行品种纯化,可显著降低雪茄烟叶烟碱转化率和TSNAs含量,提高烟叶品质和安全性。
[Objective]The present paper aimed to optimize the composition of alkaloid in Sichuan cigar and realize the quality improvement and harm reduction of cigar,the conversion degree of nicotine to nornicotine and the distribution of nicotine conversion rate between plants a-mong the main cigar varieties were determined,and variety purification was carried out according to the conversion traits of nicotine.[Method]Dexue 1,Dexue 3,Dexue 4,Dexue 5,Dexue 7 and Shiyan 1 were used as test materials.The content of alkaloids and TSNAs in the middle leaves of the tested varieties were determined and analyzed.The main cultivars in Sichuan(Dexue 4,Dexue 7 and Shiyan 1)were purified by early conversion stimulation and converter identification.[Result](i)The alkaloid composition and contents in Sichuan cigar vari-eties were significantly different,and there were different degrees of nicotine conversion in different varieties,and the distribution of nicotine conversion rate between plants was quite different.The nicotine conversion problem of Dexue 5 was prominent.The proportion of converters in the tested group was 100%,and all converters were high converter.There were a large number of nicotine converters in Shiyan 1,among which the low converters were the majority,accounting for37.9%of the total population.The problems of nicotine conversion in Dexuel and Dexue 3 were relatively less serious with all the tested plants being low converters.The conversion rate of Dexue 4 and Dexue 7 were 48%and 30%,respectively.(ii)Based on the early conversion stimulation and converter identification of Dexue 4,Dexue 7 and Shiyan 1,the non-converters were strictly selected for self-fertilize,and the corresponding purified species seeds were obtained.Compared with the corre-sponding conventional varieties,the nicotine content and nicotine conversion rate of purified variety were significantly reduced,the NNN contents and the total amount of TSNAs were significantly reduced,and the NNN contents of Dexue 7 was reduced from 2615.27 ng/g to 442.67 ng/g,the total amount of TSNAs decreased from 3602.46 ng/g to 1327.24 ng/g,and the NNN contents of Dexue 4 and Shiyan 1 decreased from 3235.76 and 3940.32 ng/g to 945.32 and 1315.40 ng/g,the total amount of TSNAs decreased from 5658.51 and 6669.89 ng/g to 2889.81 and 2840.12 ng/g.The purified variety had better cigarflavor.[Conclusion]Sichuan cigar varieties have diferent degree of nicotine conversion problems.By early conversion stimulation and converter identification and strictly selecting non-converters to self-fertilize for the purification,conversion rate and tobacco-specific nitrosamine contents can be effectively reduced,the quality and safety of cigar can be improved.
作者
张蓝月
周迪
赵园园
秦艳青
王俊
李晶晶
雷云康
周骏
史宏志
ZHANG Lan-yue;ZHOU Di;ZHAO Yuan-yuan;QIN Yan-qing;WANG Jun;LI Jing-jing;LEI Yun-kang;ZHOU Jun;SHI Hong-zhi(Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center,College of Tobacco Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company of CNTC,Chengdu 600041,China;Deyang Branch of Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company,Deyang,Sichuan 618400,China;Shanghai Tobacco Group Beijing Cigarette Factory,Beijing 100024,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1188-1196,共9页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
四川省烟草公司资助项目(SCYC201915,SCYC202124)。
关键词
雪茄
品种纯化
烟碱转化
转化株
降烟碱
TSNAS
Cigars
Variety purification
Nicotine conversion
Converter
Nornicotine
TSNAs
