摘要
【目的】探明龙眼单株挂果率与初始单穗果数之间的交互作用,确定龙眼疏花疏果时的合理挂果量,以及其对龙眼结果母枝生长、结果和果实品质的影响。【方法】以石硖龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour‘Shixia’)为试材,以不同挂果率单株为区组(3个水平),以初始单穗果数为处理(3个水平),设计了一个单因素随机区组试验,共9个区组×处理组合(H11~H13、H21~H23、H31~H33);分析了区组和处理对成熟时单穗余果数、落果率和单果质量等指标的影响。【结果】(1)果实发育期间,植株树势逐渐下降,单果质量和落果率逐渐升高,而成熟时各组合在结果母枝生长、结果和品质方面均表现出显著或极显著差异。(2)相关分析表明,区组水平与树势及成熟期结果母枝叶片生长状态呈显著相关,而处理水平主要影响了单穗余果数和小叶果比;成熟树势与果穗盲节粗度、叶光泽度等呈极显著正相关,与叶片色度指标l_L^(*)、l_b^(*)和l_C^(*)呈极显著负相关。(3)回归与方差分析表明,区组与处理之间不存在交互作用,协变量中的小叶果比、有叶枝长比等对区组和处理水平间的结果特性或果实品质产生了显著影响;结果性状与果实内在品质主要受单株挂果率的影响,而外观色度品质还受到结果母枝叶片长势的影响。边际均值估算结果表明,果实内在品质随区组和处理水平的提高而下降,但落果率变化趋势彼此相反。【结论】以中等偏壮树势保留60%的单株挂果率、以60~80个初始单穗果数为基础,依据实际树势、盲节粗度和结果母枝叶片数量进行相应调整,是石硖龙眼疏花疏果较为科学的做法,可以较好地平衡结果母枝生长、结果与品质的关系。
【Objective】This paper aims to verify whether there is an interaction between the FBRT(fruiting-branch rate per tree) and the INFC(initial number of fruits per cluster),and determine the reasonable fruit-loading of longan plant when flower or fruit thinning is applied,as well as estimate the influence of fruit-loading on leaflet growth,fruit-bearing and quality of fruiting branches(FB).【Methods】Using Shixia longan as the material,a one-factor randomized block trial was designed with FBRT as the block(3 levels) and INFC as the treatment(3 levels),and 9 combinations of'block×treatment'were obtained.The effects of block and treatment were studied on the NRFC(number of remaining fruits in single cluster),FSR(fruit-shedding rate),MSF(mass of single fruit),EPRF(edible portions rate in a single fruit),TSS(total soluble solids) content and CFS(chromaticity of the fruit surface).Besides,the growth covariates affecting FBC(fruit-bearing characteristics) and fruit quality were screened out by multiple stepwise regression analysis.Using the two-factor univariate analysis in the general linear model,the univariate covariance analysis for the FBC and fruit quality was conducted,and the influences of uncontrollable growth factors other than block and treatment based on the analytic results were excluded,and the significance of the difference between block and treatment levels and the estimated marginal means were all obtained.【Results】(1) During the fruit development,the tree vigor gradually decreased,with the leaflets on the FB turning from dark green to yellow green or grey green,and the MSF and FSR gradually increased,while the treated clusters of each combination showed significant or extremely significant differences in LGFB(leaflet growth of the FB),fruit-bearing and quality at mature stage.Within the same block,the NRFC varied significantly among the three levels of treatment,but was similar at the same treatment level among 3 block levels.There was extremely significant difference in MSF between blocks,but not between treatments within the same block.(2) Correlation analysis showed that the block level was significantly related to the LGMB and TVM(tree vigor at mature stage),while the treatment level mainly affected the NRFC and RSLF(ratio of small leaflet to fruit in the single cluster),and TVM was significantly and positively correlated with the DBC(diameter at the base of fruit cluster),LGS(leaf glossiness),numbers of total leaflet and compound leaf,etc.,and negatively with leaflet chromaticity index l_ L^(*),l_ b^(*) and l_ C^(*).Furthermore,the NRFC and DBC,TVM and FSR were all positively correlated(r=0.357^(**),0.329^(**)),respectively.As the covariates,the growth factors such as RSLF,DBC,DBFB(diameter at the base of FB),NCLF(number of compound leaves of single FB) and TNLF(total number of leaflets of single FB) were all significantly and linearly regressed with the FBC and fruit quality of treated clusters.Specifically,the main covariates affecting the fruit-bearing were RSLF,TNLF,DBC and leaf color,and those affecting fruit quality were l_L^(*),l_h°,l_C^(*),Rchl,DBFB,RLTB(ratio of the length with leaflets to the total length of FB),and so on.(3)There was no interaction between block and treatment.Among the covariates,the RSLF,RLTB,leaflet l_C^(*)and so on had significant effects on the FBC or fruit quality between the block and treatment levels.The results of ANOVA(analysis of variance) showed that the combined effects of fixed variables(block and treatment) and covariates contributed 40.1%-82.9%(R~2×100%) to the total differences between the combinations,and all the covariates resulted from the main effect test had a significant impact on the concerned indexes,which meant there was a statistical significance.The NRFC and FSR were mainly affected by block(FBRT),and the FSR was also affected by treatment(INFC);MSF,EPRF and TSS contents were mainly affected by FBRT,and the appearance quality was also significantly affected by the LGMB.In addition,the estimated marginal means showed that as the FBRT and INFC increased,the MSF,EPRF and TSS content decreased,but the changes of FSR between the block and treatment levels showed an opposite trend.Moreover,chromaticity quality of fruit under medium level of FBRT and INFC was the best,showing bright yellow-green.【Conclusion】On the basis of 60-80 of INFC and 60% of FBRT with medium-strong tree vigor,it is a more scientific practice to adjust the FBRT and INFC according to the actual tree vigor,DBC and TNLF,which can better balance the relationship between LGFB,fruit-bearing and quality of longan.In the aspect of field management during the flowering and fruiting period,especially for the high FBRT of trees,more attention in the aspect of strengthening fertilizer and irrigation management and controlling disease and insect pest should be paid to maintain the tree and FB growth,prevent leaflet senescence,promote fruit development and ensure that the fruit can obtain the desired external and internal quality.
作者
韩冬梅
黄石连
李建光
郭栋梁
吴振先
罗焘
吕新民
王静
HAN Dongmei;HUANG Shilian;LI Jianguang;GUO Dongliang;WU Zhenxian;LUO Tao;LÜXinmin;WANG Jing(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Postharvest Science of Fruit and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China,Ministry of Education,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期1615-1627,共13页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
广东省现代农业产业技术体系龙眼创新团队建设项目(2019KJ123)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-32-15)。
关键词
龙眼
合理负载
生长结果
果实品质
协方差分析
Longan
Reasonable fruit loading
Fruiting-branch growth and fruit bearing
Fruit quality
Covariance analysis
