摘要
实施乡村振兴战略,是党的十九大以来作出的重大决策部署。乡村振兴,关键是产业振兴。乡村国土地域系统及其产业组成要素之间的协调性决定了乡村持续振兴的能力。我国陇东地区乡村在长期的农业生产及城镇化发展中产业—空间矛盾尤为显著,迫切需要国土空间规划背景下的乡村产业—空间量化分类的探索性研究,客观反映乡村的发展程度,科学把握乡村发展差异和特点。本文充分剖析了国家与地区相关政策,进而通过分析该地区的产业-空间问题,基于“人地关系”协调理论构建“产村互动”耦合发展模型,以具备典型特征的陇东黄土高原沟壑区显胜乡村庄为研究对象,从产业与空间两大系统确定了19个评价因子,通过对评价因子进行赋值计算、运用地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)软件等手段,评价探析其产业—空间耦合互动的时空演变规律及内在机制,在规划响应方面得出如下启示:以科学评价现状为基础,分类引导乡村产业空间振兴;以统筹空间布局为核心,打造镇村一体发展新单元;以加强生态修复为策略,同步经济效益与空间效应;以延续历史文脉为补充,实现文化引领三产深度融合。
The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy has been a major decision and deployment made since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.The key to rural revitalization is industrial revitalization.The coordination between the rural land regional system and its industrial components determines the ability of rural sustainable revitalization.In the long-term agricultural production and urbanization development in the Loess Plateau gully region of eastern Gansu Province,the contradiction between“production and land”is significant,which is mainly characterized by problems such as extensive use of industrial land,insufficient supporting facilities and insufficient endogenous driving force for village development.Therefore,it is urgent to explore the quantitative classification of rural industry and space under the background of national spatial planning to objectively reflect the development degree of rural areas and scientifically grasp the differences and characteristics of rural development.In order to solve the above industrial and spatial problems faced by villages in the development process,this paper fully analyzes the relevant national and regional policies and builds a coupling development model of“interaction between industry and village”based on the coordination theory of“man-land relationship”.It takes Xiansheng township in the gully region of the Loess Plateau in eastern Gansu Province with typical characteristics as the research object and the qualitative and quantitative data of 8 administrative villages under Xiansheng Township in 2012,2016 and 2020 are collected.Due to the differences of positive and negative orientation,dimension and order of magnitude of the index data,the method of extreme value standardization is used to standardize and normalize the data.Then,19 evaluation factors are determined from the two systems of industry and space.By assigning evaluation factors to calculate and using Geographic Information System(GIS)software,the spatial-temporal evolution and internal mechanism of the industry-space coupling interaction are evaluated and analyzed.This study has four main findings:1)During the study period,the industrial-spatial coupling types of Xiansheng village are mainlyⅢandⅣ,and the high-value coupling areas are mainly concentrated in the southeast side with good terrain conditions.Maosi,Xiansheng and Tielou villages show a high degree of coordination and the villages are close together,and the spatial effect of industry is significant.2)In the embryonic period of industrial development,each village mainly develops the primary industry,the planting and breeding space begins to expand,and the overall level of industrial development is low.At this time,the village industry-space development of Xiansheng Township presents a state of“high coupling and low coordination”.3)In the period of industrial development and growth,the demand for production and transaction space increases,industrial and commercial capital and household capital drive the rapid and disorderly expansion of space,and the spatial quality begins to hinder industrial development.The government begins land consolidation actions,and the development and construction of villages in Xiansheng Township gradually reaches saturation.At this time,the extensive development leads to the low coupling degree of the villages on the north side of Xiansheng Township,and the differences of the coordination degree among villages are obvious.4)In the period of industrial development and quality improvement,the trend of“separation of production and residence”appears in Xiansheng Township,for example,village residents go out to work in big cities.At this time,the hollow distribution of the spatial form of the village means that the educated young and middle-aged labor force in the countryside flows to the city to work,resulting in a serious aging of the village population.Houses and lands are abandoned in the north side of Xiansheng Township(Yueling village and Xialiu village).The coupling degree and coordination degree show the law of“low north and high south”.Based on the above analysis of the results,the following enlightenments are drawn in terms of planning response:1)Based on the current situation of scientific evaluation,the revitalization of rural industrial space should be classified and guided.2)With the overall spatial layout as the core,a new town and village integrated development unit should be created.3)Ecological restoration should be strengthened as a strategy and economic benefits and spatial effects should be synchronized.4)The historical context should be continued as a supplement to achieve the deep integration of the three industries leading by culture.The quantitative classification of rural industry-space can help better understand the characteristics of rural areas,and can also provide a scientific basis for the accurate preparation and implementation of village planning management.Our study can enrich the theory of rural revitalization practice in China.
作者
董鹏达
董欣
朱菁
马思琪
陈开心
DONG Pengda;DONG Xin;ZHU Jing;MA Siqi;CHEN Kaixin
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
CSCD
2023年第4期151-160,共10页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41901211)。
关键词
乡村振兴
人地关系
产村互动
黄土高原沟壑区
陇东
Rural Revitalization
Human-Land Relationship
Industry-Village Interaction
Gully Area of the Loess Plateau
Eastern Gansu
