摘要
分析塔里木河下游生态输水效应可为优化生态输水调配策略提供科学指导。基于Landsat系列影像、气象数据和现场钻探数据,解译土地利用类型及植被覆盖度,确定植被耗水量及地下水埋深演变趋势,以探讨生态输水的多重效应。结果显示:(1)2000—2020年,塔里木河下游林草地面积、覆盖度增长显著,1亿m^(3)生态水分别对应5.40 km^(2)天然植被面积及0.14%植被覆盖度增长。(2)2000—2015年植被耗水量重心沿塔里木河干流方向迁移,2015—2020年向自然漫溢区迁移,共向东南迁移4 359 m。(3)自然漫溢区内地下水埋深增幅高达5 m,主河道沿线2 km范围增加1~3 m,河道以外2~5 km区域地下水埋深增加0~1 m。(4)天然植被适宜耗水量约为200 mm·a^(-1),生态输水前期仅在主河道沿线局部区域存在低效耗散,后期大量集中于自然漫溢区。21年生态输水实践表明,天然植被明显改善,地下水位明显回升,生态输水效应显著;但受既有输水方式固化的制约,生态水量空间分布不均衡和低效耗散增大,生态输水方式仍存在优化的必要性。
The ecological water conveyance effect in the lower reaches of Tarim River was analyzed to provide scientific guidance for optimizing the allocation strategy of ecological water conveyance.Based on Landsat series images,meteorological data and field drilling data,the land use type and vegetation coverage were interpreted,and the evolution trend of vegetation water consumption and groundwater depth was determined to explore the multiple effects of ecological water transport.The results showed that:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the area and coverage of forest and grassland increased significantly in the lower reaches of the Tarim River,and each 1×10^(8) m^(3) ecological water corresponded to 5.40 km^(2) natural vegetation area and 0.14%vegetation coverage increase.(2)From 2000 to 2015,the center of gravity of vegetation water consumption moved along the main stream of Tarim River,and from 2015 to 2020,it moved to the natural overflow area,with a total of 4359 m to the southeast.(3)The groundwater level in the natural overflow area increased by 5 m,the groundwater level in the 2 km area along the main river increased by 1-3 m,and the groundwater level in the 2-5 km area outside the river increased by 0-1 m.(4)The suitable water consumption of natural vegetation is about 200 mm·a^(-1).In the early stage of ecological water transport,there is only inefficient dissipation in the local area along the main river channel,and in the later stage,a large number of natural overflow areas are concentrated.The 21-year ecological water conveyance practice shows that:The natural vegetation was significantly improved,the groundwater level was significantly increased,and the ecological water conveyance effect was significant.However,due to the restriction of the solidification of the existing water conveyance mode,the spatial distribution of ecological water quantity is not balanced and the inefficient dissipation,and the ecological water conveyance mode still has the necessity of optimization.
作者
王永鹏
阿里木江
周龙
杨鹏年
冯思阳
王延文
Yongpeng Wang;Alimujiang;Long Zhou;Pengnian Yang;Siyang Feng;Yanwen Wang(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Water Development Investment Group,Urumqi 830000,China;Institute of Hydrology and Water Resources,Nanjing Institute of Water Resources Sciences,Nanjing 210029,China;Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute of Tacheng District,Tacheng 834700,Xinjiang,China)
出处
《中国沙漠》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期231-240,共10页
Journal of Desert Research
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区塔里木河流域管理局项目(TGJJG-2020KYXM0002)
国家自然科学基金项目(U2003105)。
关键词
塔里木河下游
植被修复
地下水埋深
植被耗水特征
生态输水效应
lower reaches of Tarim River
vegetation restoration
groundwater depth
characteristics of vegetation water consumption
ecological water conveyance effect
