摘要
【目的】探明不同养分投入量和氮肥基追比对烤烟产质量的影响,为烤烟新品种(系)的推广应用和烤烟种植关键施肥技术的完善提供参考。【方法】以烤烟新品系GZ36为材料开展田间试验,采用正交试验设计分析不同养分投入量和氮肥基追比对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状、品质性状和感官质量的影响。【结果】不同养分投入量和氮肥基追比处理烤烟的农艺性状、经济性状、品质性状和感官质量存在差异。其中,养分投入量由377.1 kg/hm^(2)增至440.0 kg/hm^(2)时,烤烟圆顶期株高、最大叶面积显著增加,产量和产值分别提高至2419.7 kg/hm^(2)和4.6万元/hm^(2);中部叶化学成分协调性得到明显改善,协调性评价总分较高,为95.64分;烟叶感官质量综合得分最高,达85.77分。继续增加养分投入量至502.9 kg/hm^(2),不利于上部叶化学成分协调性和烟叶感官质量的提升。当氮肥基追比为6∶4时,烤烟的株高、茎围、叶片数、最大叶面积和倒三叶面积均达最大,分别为105.0 cm、9.6 cm、22.3片、1256.7 cm^(2)和438.6 cm^(2),产量和产值分别提高至2385.3 kg/hm^(2)和4.4万元/hm^(2);中部叶化学成分协调性评价总分和烟叶感官质量综合得分均达最高,分别为97.56分和86.13分。【结论】烤烟新品系GZ36按氮磷钾比例为1.00∶0.76∶2.63、养分投入量为440.0 kg/hm^(2)、氮肥基追比为6∶4的施肥方案最有利于改善烟叶化学成分协调性,提高烤烟产质量,进而提升烤烟的种植效益和工业可用性。
【Objective】The effect of different nutrient input and base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was explored,so as to provide reference for the promotion and application of new flue-cured tobacco varieties and the improvement of key fertilization techniques for flue-cured tobacco cultivation.【Method】With using the new flue-cured tobacco variety GZ36 as material,the orthogonal experimental design was used to analyze the effects of different nutrient inputs and nitrogen fertilizer with different base and topdressing ratios on agronomic traits,economic traits,quality traits and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco.【Result】The agronomic traits,economic traits,quality and sensory qualities differed with different nutrient inputs and base and topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer.The nutrient input increased from 377.1 kg/hm^(2) to 440.0 kg/hm^(2);The plant height and maximum leaf area of the flue-cured tobacco at round top stage increased significantly;The yield and output value increased to 2419.7 kg/hm^(2) and 46000 Yuan/hm^(2) respectively.The coordination of the chemical composition in middle leaves were significantly improved,and the total score of the coordination evaluation was relatively high at 95.64;The overall score of the sensory quality of tobacco leaves was the highest,reaching 85.77 points.Continued increase of nutrient input to 502.9 kg/hm^(2) was not conducive to the improvement of the coordination of chemical components in the upper leaves and the sensory quality.When the base and topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer was 6∶4,the plant height,stem circumference,leaf number,maximum leaf area and top 3 leaves of flue-cured tobacco reached the largest,which were 105.0 cm,9.6 cm,22.3,1256.7 cm^(2) and 438.6 cm^(2) respectively,and the yield and output value increased to 2385.3 kg/hm^(2) and 44000 Yuan/hm^(2) respectively.The total score of the coordination evaluation of chemical composition and the comprehensive score of sensory quality of tobacco leaves were the highest,with 97.56 and 86.13,respectively.【Conclusion】When the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for the new flue-cured tobacco GZ36 was 1.00∶0.76∶2.63,the nutrient input reached 440.0 kg/hm^(2),and the base and topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer was 6∶4,they were most beneficial to improve the chemical compositions coordination of tobacco leaves,the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,so that improve the planting efficiency and industrial availability of flue-cured tobacco.
作者
朱经伟
王轶
谢升东
刘艳霞
张恒
夏海乾
郑少清
彭友
董详立
蒋石香
ZHU Jingwei;WANG Yi;XIE Shengdong;LIU Yanxia;ZHANG Heng;XIA Haiqian;ZHENG Shaoqing;PENG You;DONG Xiangli;JIANG Shixiang(Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Guiyang,Guizhou 550081;Zunyi Company of Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company,Zunyi,Guizhou 563099,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2023年第9期10-18,共9页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目“烤烟新品系GZ36生产实用配套技术与工业可用性研究”(201802)
“烤烟水溶根施肥作用机制及关键技术优化与应用”(201906)
“烤烟根区调控与施肥关键技术研究”(201912)
“黔西南优质生态烟叶生产技术集成与示范”(KY2022JD0002)。
关键词
烤烟
新品系GZ36
养分投入量
氮肥基追比
经济性状
品质性状
flue-cured tobacco
new variety GZ36
nutrient input
base and topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer
economic characters
quality characters
