摘要
打赏系处分无形财产权益的法律行为,据此,用户与主播、直播平台之间形成三方服务合同的关系构造。针对未成年人充值打赏行为的效力评价,应当适用《民法典》总则编的一般规则,不宜引入欺诈缔约的例外模式。在直播打赏纠纷中,若原告以行为能力欠缺为由主张合同存在效力瑕疵,其须举证证明实施充值打赏行为的实际主体系未成年人,且该行为与未成年人的年龄、智力“不相适应”。打赏行为无效或确定不发生效力后,未成年用户有权请求平台及主播将打赏财产予以返还,但无须就其接受的表演及增值服务进行折价补偿。在当事人主张信赖利益赔偿时,应当以监护人、直播平台、主播等各方主体的过错程度为基础,进行合理的责任分配;未成年人自身的行为过错不宜纳入损害赔偿的衡量范畴。
Tipping is a legal act of disposing intangible property rights and interests,by which a service contract is formed between the user,the streamer and the livestreaming platform.The general rules of the General Provisions of the Civil Code should be applied to the evaluation of the validity of the topping up and tipping act by minors,and it is not appropriate to introduce an exceptional model of fraudulent contracting.In a livestreaming tipping dispute,if the plaintiff claims that the contract is defective due to his/her lack of capacity,they need to prove that the actual subject of the topping up and tipping act is a minor and such act is"incompatible"with the age and intelligence of the minor.After the tipping act is deemed invalid or ineffective,the minor user has the right to request the plaform and the streamer to return the tipping property,but does not need to compensate in a discounted price for the performance and value-added services they received.When compensation for reliance interests is claimed,a reasonable allocation of liability should be made based on the degree of fault of each party between the guardian,livestreaming platform and the streamer,while the minors'own fault should not be considered in the measurement of damages.
出处
《数字法治》
2023年第4期174-190,共17页
DIGITAL LAW
基金
中国法学会民法学研究会2022年青年学者研究项目“未成年人直播打赏纠纷的学理审视与实践反思”(项目编号:2022MFXH007)的阶段性研究成果
中国人民大学2022年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划。
