摘要
目的 探讨无锡市新吴区实施水痘扩大免疫规划接种方案前后水痘的流行病学特征变化,为进一步制定水痘防控措施提供参考依据。方法 根据“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”,统计新吴区2017—2021年报告的水痘病例,采用描述流行病学方法对水痘发病资料进行分析。结果 水痘扩大免疫规划前(2017—2018年)新吴区累计报告水痘病例3 851例,年均报告发病率为341.10/10万;扩大免疫规划后(2019—2021年)新吴区累计报告水痘病例3 324例,年均报告发病率为196.28/10万,扩大免疫规划实施后,年均发病率呈明显下降趋势,发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=38.955,P<0.05)。水痘扩大免疫规划接种方案实施前后发病均呈季节性双峰分布,主要集中在5~7月和11月至次年1月;地区分布均以江溪、梅村、硕放、新安街道为主,鸿山街道最低;发病年龄均以15岁以下儿童为主;发病男性多于女性。2017—2021年共报告水痘突发公共卫生事件35起,均发生在学校,扩大免疫规划实施后幼儿园占比明显下降。2017—2021年新吴区共接种水痘疫苗84 389剂次,扩大免疫规划实施前年均接种5 362剂次,扩大免疫规划实施后年均接种24 555剂次。结论 无锡市新吴区实施水痘扩大免疫规划接种方案显著降低了人群特别是10岁以下儿童的水痘发病率,继续实施2剂次水痘疫苗接种策略非常必要。
Objective To explore the changes in epidemiological characteristics of varicella before and after the implementation of the expanded programme on varicella immunization in Xinwu District of Wuxi City,and to provide a reference basis for further formulation of varicella prevention and control measures.Methods According to the"Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Information System",the reported cases of varicella were counted in Xinwu District from 2017 to 2021,and the information on varicella incidence was analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 3851 varicella cases were reported in Xinwu District before the expanded programme on varicella immunization(from 2017 to 2018),with an average annual reported incidence rate was 341.10/100000.A total of 3324 varicella cases were reported in Xinwu District after the expanded programme on varicella immunization(from 2019 to 2021),the reported average annual incidence rate was 196.28/100000.The annual average incidence rate decreased significantly after the expanded programme on varicella immunization,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=38.955,P<0.05).Seasonality bimodal distribution of varicella incidence was observed before and after the expanded programme on varicella immunization,mainly from May to July and from November to January the following year.The regional distribution was mainly in Jiangxi,Meicun,Shuofang and Xin'an streets,with the lowest incidence rate in Hongshan street;the age of incidence was mainly children under 15 years old and more males than females.A total of 35 public health emergencies of varicella were reported from 2017 to 2021,all of which occurred in school,and the proportion of kindergartens decreased significantly after the implementation of the expanded programme on varicella immunization.From 2017 to 2021 a total of 84389 doses of varicella vaccine were administered in Xinwu District,with an annual average of 5362 doses before the implementation of the expanded programme on varicella immunization and an annual average of 24555 doses after the implementation of the expanded programme on varicella immunization.Conclusion The implementation of the expanded programme on varicella immunization significantly reduced the incidence of varicella in the population in Xinwu District of Wuxi City,especially in children under 10 years old.It is necessary to continue a 2-dose varicella vaccination schedule.
作者
盛晟
张克兴
李海霞
武伟
宋琦
蒋静凤
SHENG Sheng;ZHANG Kexing;LI Haixia;WU Wei;SONG Qi;JIANG Jingfeng(Xinwu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Wuxi City,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214000,China;不详)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2023年第9期910-912,F0003,共4页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
无锡市科技局科技发展计划项目(CSE31N1721)
江南大学公共卫生研究中心青年项目(JUPH201846)。
关键词
水痘
水痘疫苗
发病率
流行特征
免疫策略
儿童
Varicella
Varicella vaccine
Incidence
Epidemiological characteristic
Immune strategy
Children
