摘要
知识流动的空间效应一直是经济地理学关注的重要议题,然而显、隐性知识流动时空表征及影响机理的差异对比有待明晰。本文以中国生物医药产业为例,采用2001—2020年专利转让和企业人员连锁任职分别衡量显、隐性知识流动,并在Bathelt等提出的“蜂鸣-管道”理论模型上进行拓展应用,对比其时空表征和影响机理。结果显示:①从组合模式来看,显性知识流动以“蜂鸣”和“管道”并重,隐性知识流动以“蜂鸣”为主、“管道”为辅;地理距离对隐性知识“管道”流动的摩擦效应强于显性知识。②显、隐性知识的“蜂鸣”和“管道”流动均表现出显著的空间非均衡性,其中显性知识流动的空间偏向性强于隐性知识;显、隐性知识“蜂鸣”和“管道”流动的城市极化现象严重,少数城市主导着知识流动网络的权力体系。③知识“蜂鸣”和“管道”流动两种模式的影响机理不同,“蜂鸣”流动主要受科技与知识类因素和城市行政等级因素的显著影响,而经济与市场类因素的影响相对较为片面。“管道”流动通过经济与市场类因素发挥“同配性”作用,科技与知识类因素则发挥“异配性”的互补作用,地理邻近、认知邻近和制度邻近因素对显、隐性知识“管道”流动均起促进作用。
The spatial effect of knowledge flow has always been an important topic in economic geography.However,existing studies have ignored the differences in the nature of knowledge,such as the differences in the spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of explicit and tacit knowledge flows that need to be further explored.This paper explored the flow of explicit and tacit knowledge at both intra-and inter-city scales,based on the logical idea and theoretical analysis of the"Buzz-and-Pipeline"model proposed by Harald Bathelt and other scholars.And then,this paper conducted an empirical study using China's biomedical industry,and measured explicit and tacit knowledge flows in terms of patent transfer and interlocking tenure of core employees from 2001 to 2020,respectively.Finally,this paper synthesized and contrasted the spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of explicit and tacit knowledge flows.The results show that:(1)From the combination mode,the explicit knowledge flow pays equal attention to"Buzz"and"Pipeline",while the tacit knowledge flow always focuses on"Buzz"and"Pipeline"as a supplement.The attenuation effect of geographical distance on the"Pipeline"of tacit knowledge was stronger than that of explicit knowledge.(2)From the spatial characteristics,the spatial patterns of explicit and tacit knowledge flows were similar overall,both the"Buzz"and"Pipeline"of explicit and tacit knowledge showed significant spatial imbalance,and the spatial bias of explicit knowledge flow was stronger than that of tacit knowledge,and explicit knowledge flow was more concentrated in the eastern coastal region of China.The urban polarization phenomenon of"Buzz"and"Pipeline"in explicit and tacit knowledge flows was strong,and there were few cities that dominate the power system of knowledge flow networks.(3)There was a great difference in the influencing mechanism of"Buzz"and"Pipeline".From a comprehensive perspective,"Buzz"was mainly influenced by scientific and technological factors and the urban administrative level,while the influence of economic and market factors was relatively onesided,and they affect only one or neither of the explicit or tacit knowledge flow."Pipeline"through economic and market factors played the role of"matching",and scientific and technological factors played the"complementary"role.Geographical proximity,cognitive proximity and institutional proximity all played a positive role in the"Pipeline"flows of both explicit and tacit knowledge.
作者
任传堂
章屹祯
王璐玮
汪涛
REN Chuantang;ZHANG Yizhen;WANG Luwei;WANG Tao(School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Geography and Tourism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,China;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期2369-2385,共17页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42271183)
江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(2020SJZDA135)
江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(KYCX22_1505)。
