摘要
【目的】筛选适宜汉中地区猕猴桃园种植的豆科绿肥品种并研究生草管理模式对土壤养分的影响,以期为猕猴桃绿色生产提供理论依据。【方法】品种筛选试验设毛苕子(VR)、紫云英(AS)、箭筈豌豆(VS)、二月兰(OV)和山黧豆(LC),共5个品种,研究绿肥盛花期鲜草产量和含水量变化特征。果园生草管理模式设全年清耕(对照)、自然生草(NG)、毛苕子+自然生草(VG),共3个处理。研究不同果园生草管理模式下土壤养分变化规律。【结果】(1)绿肥盛花期鲜草和干草产量均表现为山黧豆>毛苕子>箭筈豌豆>紫云英>二月兰,山黧豆盛花期鲜草产量最高,为67332 kg·hm^(-2),其次是毛苕子(65499 kg·hm^(-2)),二者差异不显著,但显著高于其他绿肥品种。(2)绿肥鲜草全氮含量表现为毛苕子>箭筈豌豆>山黧豆>二月兰>紫云英。毛苕子N含量(w,后同)达39.04 g·kg^(-1),其次是箭筈豌豆36.07 g·kg^(-1),显著高于山黧豆、二月兰和紫云英;毛苕子N累积量最高(323.33 kg·hm^(-2)),山黧豆为308.52 kg·hm^(-2),箭筈豌豆为268.31 kg·hm^(-2),增幅为87.9%~226.8%,显著高于二月兰和紫云英。绿肥鲜草全磷含量主要表现为毛苕子>紫云英>山黧豆>箭筈豌豆>二月兰。毛苕子磷含量最高(9.05 g·kg^(-1)),显著高于山黧豆、箭筈豌豆和二月兰,增幅为18.6%~48.8%。毛苕子磷累积量为75.08 kg·hm^(-2),山黧豆为72.94 kg·hm^(-2),显著高于其他绿肥品种,增幅为33.4%~124.4%。绿肥鲜草全钾含量主要表现为毛苕子>紫云英>箭筈豌豆>山黧豆>二月兰,毛苕子全钾含量最高(34.70 g·kg^(-1)),显著高于箭筈豌豆、山黧豆和二月兰,增幅为9.4%~68.1%。毛苕子全钾累积量最高,为288.04 kg·hm^(-2),显著高于其他绿肥品种,增幅为26.3%~125.5%。(3)毛苕子+自然生草处理,与全年清耕处理相比,可以显著提高土壤0~60 cm有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,与自然生草相比,可以提高0~60 cm土壤碱解氮和有机质含量、0~20 cm速效磷含量、0~40 cm速效钾含量。【结论】毛苕子盛花期干草和植株氮磷钾养分含量均最高,显著高于其他豆科绿肥,干草产量8270 kg·hm^(-2),N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O累积量分别为323.33、75.08和288.04 kg·hm^(-2),是适宜猕猴桃园种植的豆科绿肥,具有鲜草产量和氮磷钾养分含量双高的特点,毛苕子覆盖还田+自然生草,可以提高果园土壤养分含量,是适宜汉中地区的猕猴桃果园生草管理模式。
【Objective】As a clean organic manure source,green manure can effectively improve the soil microbial environment,increase soil organic carbon,and enhance soil carbon sink function,which is of great significance to the sustainability of soil productivity and soil carbon cycle.Intercropping green manure in orchards has become an effective method for soil improvement and restoration,which is an important technical measure to protect the ecological environment of farmland,ensure the quality of agricultural products,reduce fertilizer application,and promote sustainable agricultural development.The effect of green manure on soil habitat was controlled by the types of green manure and orchard climate.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the green production of kiwifruit,the impact of grass management mode on soil nutrients was studied and the suitable leguminous green manure crops were screened for planting in kiwifruit orchards in Hanzhong area.【Methods】The variety selection experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of fresh grass yield and water content changes during the florescence period of green manure crops,including Vicia villosa(VR),Astragalus sinicus(AS),Vicia sativa(VS),Orychophragmus violaceus(OV)and Lathyrus cicera(LC).The orchard grass management modes were set as the following three treatments:annual clean tillage(CK);natural grass(NG)and Vicia villosa+natural grass(VG),and the changes in soil nutrients under different orchard grass management modes were studied.【Results】(1)During the florescence stage of green manure crops,the yield of fresh and dry grass showed as follows:LC>VR>VS>AS>OV.Among them,LC had the highest yield of fresh grass at 67332 kg·hm^(-2),followed by VR at 65499 kg·hm^(-2),and there was no significant difference,but they were higher than VS,AS and OV,with an increase of 21.0%-112.5%.LC had the highest hay yield of 11618 kg·hm^(-2),significantly higher than other green manure varieties,with an increase of 40.5%and 58.4%,respectively,compared with VR and VS.The hay yields of VR and VS were 8270 and 7333 kg·hm^(-2),respectively,significantly higher than those of OV and AS.(2)The total nitrogen content of green manure and fresh grass was as follows:VR>VS>LC>OV>AS.Among them,the N content of VR reached 39.04 g·kg^(-1),followed by VS 36.07 g·kg^(-1),and they were significantly higher than that of LC,OV,and AS;The N accumulation of VR(323.33 kg·hm^(-2)),LC(308.52 kg·hm^(-2)),and VS(268.31 kg·hm^(-2))was 87.9%-226.8%significantly higher than that of OV and AS(p<0.05).The P2O5 content of green manure and fresh grass were mainly manifested as follows:VR>AS>LC>VS>OV.Among them,the P2O5 content in VR was 9.05 g·kg^(-1),which was 18.6%-48.8%higher than that in LC,VS,and OV(p<0.05).The P2O5 content of AS was 8.67 g·kg^(-1),which was 42.6%higher than that of OV(p<0.05).The accumulation of P2O5 in VR(75.08 kg·hm^(-2))and LC(72.94 kg·hm^(-2))was 33.4%-124.4%higher than that of other green manure varieties(p<0.05).The total potassium contents of green manure fresh grass were mainly manifested as follows:VR>AS>VS>LC>OV.The total potassium content of VR was the highest(34.70 g·kg^(-1)),which was 9.4%-68.1%higher than that of VS,LC and OV.The total accumulation of K2O in VR(288.04 kg·hm^(-2))was 26.3%-125.5%higher than that of other green manure varieties.LC had the second highest total K2O accumulation(228.03 kg·hm^(-2)),which was 33.0%,56.9%and 99.8%higher than VS,AS and OV,respectively.(3)Compared with CK,VG significantly increased the content of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the 0-60 cm soil layer.Compared with NG,VG can increase the content of soil available nitrogen and organic matter in 0-60 cm soil layer,available phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil layer,and available potassium in 0-40 cm soil layer.Compared with CK,VG increased soil alkaline nitrogen by 144.5%,145.4%and 453.8%in 0-20,20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layer,soil available phosphorus by 51.7%,129.7%and 69.3%,soil available potassium by 129.7%,68.3%and 121.8%,and soil organic carbon by 108.4%,95.1%and 122.5%,respectively.Compared with NG,VG increased soil alkaline nitrogen by 12.2%,17.4%and 178.0%,soil available phosphorus by 21.8%,21.2%and 20.4%,soil available potassium by 30.4%and 16.4%,and soil organic carbon by 23.1%,36.3%and 48.9%at 0-20,20-40 and 40-60 cm,respectively.The mode of VG had the best effect on soil improvement and fertilization in kiwifruit orchards.【Conclusion】During the florescence period,the content of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O nutrients in the hay and plants of VS was the highest,significantly higher than other leguminous green manures.The hay yield was 8270 kg·hm^(-2),and the accumulated amounts of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O were 323.33,75.08 and 288.04 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.Due to the high biomass and N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O contents,VG can be used as a suitable grass management mode for kiwifruit orchards.Moreover,it had a good effect on improving soil nutrients in kiwifruit orchards,which was conducive to the sustainable development of kiwifruit production in Hanzhong area.
作者
王吕
秦宇航
吴玉红
淡亚彬
郝兴顺
肖飞
陈浩
WANG Lü;QIN Yuhang;WU Yuhong;DAN Yabin;HAO Xingshun;XIAO Fei;CHEN Hao(Hanzhong Agricultural Technology Extension and Training Center,Hanzhong 723000,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期1885-1893,共9页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟(LM202201)。
关键词
猕猴桃果园
豆科绿肥
绿肥品种
鲜草产量
土壤养分含量
Kiwifruit orchard
Legume green manure
Variety of green manure
Fresh grass yield
Soil nutrient content
