摘要
【目的】通过对树种不同直径枯枝连续燃烧性能进行分析,研究树种燃烧性能差异和可燃物连续燃烧临界尺寸,从而为不同树种火灾的预防和扑救措施提供理论依据。【方法】利用锥形量热仪对桉树Eucalyptus robusta、冲天柏Cupressus duclouxiana、灯台树Bothrocaryum controversum、华山松Pinus armandii、桤木Alnus cremastogyne、银荆Acacia dealbata、圆柏Sabina chinensis、云南松Pinus yunnanensis、藏柏Cupressus torulosa 9个树种的2~4、5~8和9~12 mm直径枯枝燃烧性能进行测定,采用OriginPro 8.1软件对结果进行分析,研究不同树种的连续燃烧性能差异。【结果】各树种热释放速率(HRR)小直径枯枝均有1个明显峰值,随着枯枝直径的增加峰值逐渐变得不明显且在较高值维持较长时间,云南松、桉树和银荆随枯枝直径增加热释放速率变化趋势不大,其他树种随枯枝直径增加热释放速率变化明显;各树种质量损失速率(MLR)小直径枯枝均有1个明显峰值,随着枯枝直径的增加峰值逐渐变得不明显且在较高值维持较长时间。其中,桉树、冲天柏随枯枝直径增加质量损失速率变化趋势不大,银荆、灯台树次之,其他树种随枯枝直径增加质量损失速率变化明显;各树种烟生成速率(SPR)均有2个峰值,第1个峰值明显,第2个峰值随枯枝直径增加逐渐变得不明显。其中,桉树第2个峰值也较明显,冲天柏、灯台树、华山松、银荆次之,其他树种第2个峰值不明显;各树种随着枯枝直径的增加总释放热(THR)随之增加;各树种不同直径枯枝总生烟量(TSR)均表现出迅速上升的特征,上升过程中总生烟量(TSR)有明显的拐点,上升速度明显变慢;各树种枯枝TSR随着直径的增加逐渐增大。各树种热释放速率峰值随着枯枝直径的增加而减少,热量释放持续时间增长,总释放热随着直径的增加而增大。【结论】对不同树种不同直径枯枝的燃烧性进行研究,可以为可燃物持续燃烧临界尺寸提供依据,为不同树种的林火行为及森林可燃物调控措施提供参考。
【Objective】By analyzing the continuous combustibility of dead branches with different diameters of tree species,the difference in continuous combustibility of tree species and the critical size of continuous combustion of combustible materials were studied,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and fighting measures of different tree species.【Method】The cone calorimeter was used to determine the combustibility of the 2-4 mm,5-8 mm and 9-12 mm diameter dead branches of 9 tree species including Eucalyptus robusta,Cupressus duclouxiana,Bothrocaryum controversum,Pinus armandii,Alnus cremastogyne,Acacia dealbata,Sabina chinensis,Pinus yunnanensis and Cupressus torulosa.OriginPro 8.1 was used to analyze the results and study the difference in continuous combustibility of different tree species.【Result】There was an obvious peak of the heat release rate in the small diameter branches of all tree species,and the peak value gradually became insignificant and remained at a high value for a long time with the increase in the diameter of branches.The changing trend of heat release rate was not obvious with the increase in the diameter of branches of Pinus yunnanensis,Eucalyptus robusta and Acacia dealbata.The heat release rate of other tree species changed obviously with the increase in the diameter of dead branches.There was an obvious peak of mass loss rate in the small diameter branches of all tree species,and the peak value gradually became insignificant and remained at a high value for a long time with the increase in the diameter of branches.The changing trend of mass loss rate was not obvious with the increase in the diameter of branches of Eucalyptus robusta and Cupressus duclouxiana,followed by Acacia dealbata and Bothrocaryum controversum.The mass loss rate of other tree species changed obviously with the increase in the diameter of dead branches.There were two peak values of smoke production rate of all tree species,the first peak value was obvious,and the second gradually became insignificant with the increase in the diameter of dead branches.The second peak value of Eucalyptus robusta was also obvious,followed by Cupressus duclouxiana,Bothrocaryum controversum,Pinus armandii and Acacia dealbata,while the second peak value of other tree species was not obvious.The total heat release increased with the increase in the diameter of dead branches.The total smoke rate of branches with different diameters of tree species increased rapidly and slowed down after an inflection point.The total smoke rate of different tree species increased with the increase in diameter.With an increase in dead branch diameter,the peak of heat release rate decreased,and the duration of heat release and the total heat release increased.【Conclusion】The study on the combustibility of dead branches with different diameters of different tree species can provide a basis for the critical size of continuous combustion of combustible materials,and a reference for the fire behavior and the fuel treatments of different tree species.
作者
张运生
舒立福
翟春婕
刘柯珍
ZHANG Yunsheng;SHU Lifu;ZHAI Chunjie;LIU Kezhen(Nanjing Forest Police College,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China;Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Nature Conservation,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期1-8,共8页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“防火树种微观构造的阻火机理研究”(31901321)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项“森林防火期植被冠层水分遥感反演研究”(LGZD201606)
中国民用航空局安全能力建设项目“空警学历教育课程建设研究”(民航局合同[2021]143号)。
关键词
燃烧性
热释放速率
质量损失速率
烟生成速率
总释放热
总生烟量
combustibility
heat release rate
mass loss rate
smoke production rate
total heat release
total smoke rate
