摘要
土壤渍涝与缺钙是南方花生生产上主要的非生物胁迫。为明确不同钙耐性花生品种在生产上对耕种模式及施钙的互作关系,采用钙肥、耕作模式、品种三因素设计大田裂区试验,钙肥为主区,分别为0 kg/hm^(2)、750 kg/hm^(2);耕作模式为裂区,分别为垄作、平作;品种为裂裂区,分别为湘花2008(钙敏感)和湘花55(耐低钙),通过测定光合参数、荧光参数、产量及其构成因素,研究不同处理对花生生长阶段光合性能和荚果产量的影响。结果表明:在施钙条件下,垄作更能提高花生的光合特性;垄作时,施钙使敏感品种的光合参数(净光合速率、蒸腾速率、初始荧光、最大荧光、最大光化学效率、潜在光化学活性、可变荧光参数)值升高,但耐低钙品种施钙和不施钙差异不明显。钙敏感或耐低钙品种均以施钙垄作栽培条件下(Ca_(1)H)的荚果产量最高,比传统的不施钙平作栽培(Ca_(0)F)大幅增产(57.45%和11.40%),主要原因是施钙和起垄栽培能显著提高两品种尤其是钙敏感品种的光合效率和荧光性能,强壮个体素质,优化群体结构,实现了花生产量结构因子如单株果数、百仁重(百果重)的协同提高。因此,对于花生品种尤其钙敏感类型,施钙起垄组合是适合南方缺钙、多雨生态环境下花生高产高效的栽培模式。
Soil waterlogging and calcium deficiency are two major abiotic stresses in peanut production in South China.Ridge culture and calcium application have become important to peanut farming.To understand the interaction between peanut and calcium,and also to investigate the suitable ridging model,a three-factor field split plot test was design,including calcium fertilizer,farming model and varieties.Calcium fertilizer was mainly used in plot,with 0 kg/hm^(2)(Ca_(0))and 750 kg/hm^(2)(Ca_(1))respectively.The cultivation mode was split area,which included ridge(H)culture and flat(F)culture.Varieties were divided into two zones,Xianghua 2008(calcium susceptive)and Xianghua 55(low-calcium tolerant).Effects of different treatments on photosynthetic performance and pod yield at growth stage were investigated by measuring photosynthetic parameters,fluorescence parameters,yield and its factors.Results showed that,after calcium application,photosynthetic characteristics under ridge culture was higher than those under flat culture.The levels of net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,initial fluorescence,maximum fluorescence,maximum photochemical efficiency,potential photochemical activity and variable fluorescence had higher correlation with sensibility of the variety to calcium.The photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters of susceptive varieties treated with calcium were significantly higher than those without calcium,while those of the tolerant variety had no significance.The highest pod yield was observed under Ca_(1)H for both susceptive and tolerant varieties,which was 57.45%and 11.40%higher than that of Ca_(0)F.The main reason was that the application of calcium and ridging could greatly improve the photosynthetic characteristics and fluorescence performance of peanut especially for susceptive variety,thus strengthened the individual,and optimized the population structure.The synergistic improvement was obtained on structural factors of peanut yield,eg.pod number per plant,100-kernel weight,and 100-pod weight.Therefore,under rainy environment with deficient calcium in South China,combination of calcium application and ridging was suitable for high yield and efficiency peanut cultivation,especially for low-calcium susceptive variety.
作者
傅惠林
董露琳
唐康
刘娜
杨龙兴
曾宁波
刘登望
李林
FU Hui-lin;DONG Lu-lin;TANG Kang;LIU Na;YANG Long-xing;ZENG Ning-bo;LIU Deng-wang;LI Lin(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Changsha Branch of National Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center/Hunan Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center,Chang-sha 410128,China;Institute of Upland Crops,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)
出处
《中国油料作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期996-1005,共10页
Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000900)
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13)
湖南省现代农业产业技术体系
湖南省重点研发计划(2021NK2005)。
关键词
花生
钙肥
起垄栽培
光合特性
产量
peanut
calcium fertilizer
ridge culture
photosynthetic characteristics
yield
