摘要
当前,我国食用植物油供给矛盾突出。油菜主产区中的长江流域,油菜生产与粮食争地矛盾小,因此油料生产的关键在于发展油菜生产。传统的油菜生产用工量大、劳动力成本高、效益低,种植技术制约了我国油菜产业发展,因此“种、管、收”环节机械化生产是提升我国油菜生产水平的关键。从油菜生物学特点、农民种植习惯及轮作制度看,这三个环节中,收的环节提升空间大,特别是机械收获损失率较高,仍在低水平徘徊。因此,本文重点分析了我国油菜种植面积、产量特点及机械化生产现状,综述了适宜机械化收获的品种特性和选育目标、关键农艺性状的栽培调控措施及机械收获方式等方面的研究进展,旨在为我国油菜适宜机械化收获的品种选育、栽培技术研究及高效生产提供参考。
Currently,sharp contradiction exists between edible oil supply and demand in China.Developing edible oil production largely depends on the development of rapeseed production.For less land competition between cereal crops and rapeseed,the Yangtze River Basin is the main rapeseed producing area in China.But,problems(such as a large amount of labor,high labor cost and low efficiency)seriously restrict the development of rapeseed industry.The whole-process mechanization(including sowing,management,and harvesting)is the key to boosting rapeseed production.Thus we reviewed the research on rapeseed biological characteristics,planting habits,and rotation systems,to focus on high yield loss rate during harvesting.We expected to improve mechanized harvesting of rapeseed in China.The research processes on breeding ideotype rapeseed suitable for mechanized harvesting as resistance to lodging,pod cracking,and sclerotinia disease were also discussed.The aim was to provide an insight on breeding and cultivation management of rapeseed suitable for high efficient mechanized harvesting.
作者
李勤
刘小焱
盛紫微
曲昭杰
罗涛
王晶
蒯婕
汪波
李俊
徐正华
周广生
LI Qin;LIU Xiao-yan;SHENG Zi-wei;QU Zhao-jie;LUO Tao;WANG Jing;KUAI Jie;WANG Bo;LI Jun;XU Zheng-hua;ZHOU Guang-sheng(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Wuhan 430070,China;Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430062,China)
出处
《中国油料作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期1053-1061,共9页
Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000901)。
关键词
油菜
机械化收获
倒伏
裂角
理想株型
rapeseed
mechanized harvesting
lodging resistance
cracking pod
ideotype
