摘要
人工智能技术已经成为新一轮生产力变革的核心驱动力,是推动我国经济高质量发展的关键所在。本文基于中国A股上市公司数据,构建企业层面人工智能技术创新的衡量指标,实证检验人工智能技术创新对企业全要素生产率的影响机理和作用机制。研究表明,人工智能技术创新显著提升了企业全要素生产率。机制检验表明,人工智能技术创新通过推动生产、营销、管理环节的降本增效提升企业生产效率,其作用方式包括降低劳动力投入、外部销售成本和内部管理成本。调节效应检验表明,知识产权保护正向调节了人工智能技术创新的企业生产率提升作用。异质性检验表明,地方政府数据开放水平、地区最低工资标准等宏观创新环境以及企业人力资本结构等微观企业特征会对人工智能技术创新的生产率提升作用产生差异性影响。本文为人工智能技术创新的生产率效应评估提供了企业层面的微观证据,对推动人工智能技术创新与企业生产经营的高效融合、实现经济高质量发展具有重要的理论和政策意义。
Currently,our country's economy has entered the new stage of high⁃quality development from high⁃speed development;seeking the new driving force of economic growth to enhance the total factor productivity is one of the principal ways to realize economic high⁃quality development in China.As a strategic technology leading a new round of technological innovation and industrial revolution,AI(artificial intelligence),which is triggering the transformation of social productivity worldwide,is vital to foster the new driving force of economic growth and to promote the transformation of economic development mode to high⁃quality development.Based on the financial data and patent text information data of A⁃share listed companies in China,this article empirically tests the impact mechanism and action mechanism of AI technology innovation on the total factor productivity of enterprises.The research concludes that AI technology innovation significantly improves the total factor productivity of enterprises,and this conclusion is quite robust.The mechanism test manifests that AI technology can promote production efficiency of enterprises by promoting cost reduction and efficiency improvement in production,marketing and management of enterprises by means of reducing labor input as well as reducing external sale costs and internal management costs.The test of the moderating effect reveals that intellectual property protection plays a conspicuously positive regulating role between AI technology innovation and the total factor productivity of enterprises.The heterogeneity test conveys that the macro innovation environment such as the degree of data openness of local government and the regional minimum wage standards as well as the micro characteristics of firms like the employee capital structure of enterprises,will have a different impact on productivity promotion of AI technology innovation.The study is significant in theoretical and policy significance for evaluating the efficient integration of AI technology innovation with enterprise production and operation,and for realizing high⁃quality development of the economy.Compared with the existing research,the major contribution of this paper lies in the following aspects.First,based on the text data of patent applications of listed companies,this article constructs an index to measure the technological innovation level of AI in enterprises,more objectively presents an empirical basis for the productivity effect of AI technology innovation for enterprises,and provides a helpful supplement to the research on the micro⁃economic consequences of AI technology innovation.Second,the research on influencing factors of enterprisestotal factor productivity in the era of digital economy.Emerging technologies,including AI technology innovation,have enabled the transformation and development of real economy,penetrated into economic activities such as production and operation in firms,and influenced the efficiency of enterpriseseconomic output profoundly.This paper examines the impact of AI technology innovation on total factor productivity in enterprises,identifies the ways in which production,marketing,and management of firms are affected,and improves shortcomings of existing research on the analysis of the impact mechanism,providing empirical evidence for in⁃depth research on how AI technology innovation promotes high⁃quality development business.Third,new evidence concerning the application of innovative technology promoted by intellectual property protection is presented,which confirms that intellectual property protection plays a positive role during the process of improving total factor productivity of enterprises by means of AI technology innovation.The result of this study not only enriches the literature in relevant fields but also provides reference for the government to make the policy of intellectual property protection concerning AI technology innovation.
作者
任英华
刘宇钊
李海彤
REN Ying-hua;LIU Yu-zhao;LI Hai-tong(School of Finance and Statistics,Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan,410006,China;Business School,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China)
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第9期50-67,共18页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“企业环境责任与政府环境责任协同机制研究”(19JZD024)。
关键词
人工智能技术创新
全要素生产率
高质量发展
知识产权保护
AI(artificial intelligence)technology innovation
total factor productivity
high⁃quality development
intellectual property protection
