摘要
为了研究木薯间作甜瓜模式下木薯产量、品质、光合性能及土壤酶活性的变化,为进一步改进长沙产区木薯间作甜瓜栽培技术提供理论依据。本研究以木薯(南植199)和甜瓜(湘甜薄脆)为试验材料,设计以木薯单作(CK)为对照,木薯间作甜瓜时,以甜瓜3种种植密度(T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3),株距分别为0.5、0.7、0.9 m)为处理,研究木薯间作甜瓜对木薯产量、品质、光合性能及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:与木薯单作相比,木薯间作甜瓜处理下,木薯单株结薯数、干物率和淀粉含量无显著性变化,间作提高了木薯单株产量、经济产量、可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量,各处理对木薯产量与品质的影响大小依次为T_(2)>T_(3)>T_(1)>CK。在间作模式下,木薯叶片的光合能力得到显著提升,在块根形成期与膨大期木薯叶片的净光合速率(P_(n))显著高于单作处理;在块根成熟期T_(2)处理下,木薯叶片的P_(n)显著高于其他处理,间作处理下木薯叶片的胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))、气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(T_(r))均显著高于单作处理。随着木薯植株的生长,土壤中蔗糖酶活性表现出先降后增的趋势,脲酶表现出先增后降的趋势,而酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶表现出逐渐下降的趋势。不同时期间作对土壤中蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的活力有明显的促进作用,但对脲酶活性的影响较小,其中T_(2)处理在木薯块根膨大期与块根成熟期土壤中蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的活力显著高于单作处理。综上表明,与木薯单作相比,木薯间作甜瓜模式提高了木薯光合性能及土壤肥力水平,从而提高了木薯的经济产量和品质,其中以2行木薯间作1行甜瓜,甜瓜株距为0.7 m的栽培模式最优,为适合长沙产区的木薯间作甜瓜模式。
In order to study the changes of cassava yield,quality,photosynthetic performance and soil enzyme activities under cassava intercropping mode of muskmelon,and to provide theoretical basis for improving the cultivation tech-nology of cassava intercropping muskmelon in Changsha,cassava(Nanzhi 199)and muskmelon(Xiangtian thin crisp)were used as the experimental materials,cassava monoculture(CK)was used as the control,and three planting densities(T_(1),T_(2),T_(3),plant spacing of 0.5,0.7,0.9 m)of muskmelon in cassava intercropping were used as treatments.Compared with monoculture cassava,the number of tuber per plant,dry matter percentage and starch content of cassava were not significantly changed under intercropping treatment,but the yield per plant,economic yield,soluble protein and vitamin C content of cassava increased under intercropping treatment.The effects of each treatment on cassava yield and quality were in the order of T_(2)>T_(3)>T_(1)>CK.The photosynthetic capacity of cassava leaves in intercropping mode significantly increased,and the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))of cassava leaves in root tuber formation and expansion stage was sig-nificantly higher than that of monoculture treatment.The P_(n)of cassava leaves under T_(2)treatment was significantly higher than that under other treatments,and the intercropping treatment had significantly higher intercellular CO_(2)con-centration(C_(i)),stomatal conductance(G_(s))and transpiration rate(T_(r))than those under monoculture treatment.With the growth of cassava plants,the activity of sucrase in soil showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing,urease showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,while acid phosphatase and catalase showed a trend of decreasing gradually.The activity of sucrase,acid phosphatase and catalase in soil was significantly promoted by intercropping at different stages,but had little effect on urease activity.The activity of sucrase,acid phosphatase and catalase in soil of T_(2)treatment was significantly higher than those of monoculture treatment at the expansion and maturity stages of cas-sava roots.In conclusion:Compared with cassava monoculture,cassava intercropping model improved cassava photo-synthetic performance and soil fertility level,so as to improve the economic yield and quality of cassava.The optimal cultivation model with two rows of cassava intercropping and one row of melon with a distance of 0.7 m was suitable for the cassava intercropping model in Changsha.
作者
孙彬杰
姜舒雅
林萱
陈璐
陈文杰
邹天浩
宋勇
SUN Binjie;JIANG Shuya;LIN Xuan;CHEN Lu;CHEN Wenjie;ZOU Tianhao;SONG Yong(College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Potato Center of Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding,Ministry of Education,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Hunan Xiangyan Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410000,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期2016-2024,共9页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(No.CARS-11-HNSY)。
关键词
木薯
甜瓜
间作
光合性能
土壤酶活
cassava
muskmelon
intercropping
photosynthetic performance
soil enzyme activity
