摘要
【目的】通过对马家柚配置不同授粉组合,探究花粉直感效应对马家柚果实品质的影响。【方法】以江西省上饶市地方优良品种马家柚为杂交母本,以信木柚、四倍体葡萄柚为杂交父本,通过人工授粉进行杂交,比较不同处理下马家柚果实品质差异。【结果】信木柚与四倍体葡萄柚花粉活力分别为94.34%和93.75%,经过异花授粉能显著提高马家柚坐果率,四倍体葡萄柚高于信木柚。在常规品质方面,信木柚授粉能提高果实平均单果质量、横径、纵径、种子质量、果皮质量和固酸比;四倍体葡萄柚授粉能提高果实平均可食率,降低果实平均单果质量、果皮厚度、种子质量和果皮质量,且授粉后种子呈瘪籽状。在代谢物方面,果肉中主要的初生代谢物为氨基酸类、有机酸类、糖类和醇类,不同授粉品种之间初生代谢物含量有明显差异,但与亲本之间没有明显规律。另外在授粉后的果实与亲本果实中共统计到85种挥发性物质,其中醛类11种,萜烯类28种,酯类16种,醇类14种,酮类14种,烷烃类化合物5种和7种酚、羧酸类化合物,不同果实中均以柠檬烯含量最高,含量占比在87.48%~92.57%之间,不同授粉品种的挥发性物质含量存在差异,且信木柚授粉组合中有21种物质表现出明显的花粉直感效应。【结论】异花授粉可以提高马家柚坐果率,可以通过花粉直感效应在一定程度上快速改善马家柚的综合品质,为马家柚实际生产提供理论依据和调控技术支撑。
【Objective】Pollination of Majiayou with a local variety Xinmuyou and a tetraploid grapefruit was used to investigate xenia effect on the fruit quality of Majiayou.It was expected to improve the fruit quality of Majiayou by selecting pollen parent.【Methods】Mature 9-10-year-old Majiayou trees were used as the seed parent.Xinmuyou and a tetraploid grapefruit were used as the pollen parents(pollination A group,Majiayou × Xinmuyou;pollination B group,Majiayou × tetraploid grapefruit),and natural open pollination was used as the control.After the fruit ripened,a fruits from different pollination groups were analyzed for fruit quality,primary metabolites in the pulp,and volatile substances in the pericarp.【Results】Pollen viability of Xinmuyou and the tetraploid grapefruit was 94.34% and93.75%,respectively.Cross-pollination significantly increased the fruit set rate of Majiayou,and the effect of the tetraploid grapefruit was more significant compared to that of Xinmuyou.The average single fruit weight was 1 109.09 g in pollination A group,which was higher than pollination with the tetraploid grapefruit(pollination B group) and the control.Single fruit weight in pollination B was the lowest.Fruit diameter,pericarp weight and pericarp thickness(2.06 cm) in pollination B were significantly lower than the other groups.Pollination A significantly increased seed weight.Seed weight in pollination B group was the lowest,and most of the seeds were shrunken.The flesh recovery was highest in pollination B group,followed in descending order by the control and pollination A group.The difference between pollination B and pollination A was significant.In the control,total soluble solids(TSS)content and titratable acidity(TA) was higher than the other two pollination groups.However,TSS/TA ratio was 13.48 in the control,significantly lower than in pollination A and B groups.The primary metabolites included amino acids,organic acids,sugars,and alcohols.There were significant differences in the content of primary metabolites between different pollination groups,but there was no clear pattern in the contents of primary metabolites in fruits among pollen parents.Pollination B resulted in the highest citric acid content(2.35 mg · g-1) and sucrose content(39.19 mg · g-1),which were significantly higher than the control and pollination A.Glucose content in fruit of pollination A group was 43.52 mg · g-1,which was significantly higher than that of the other groups.In pollination A and B,the main amino acid in the fruit was proline,whose concentration was 0.32 mg · g-1in group B,which was significantly higher than the other two groups.A total of 85 volatile compounds were identified in fruits from different pollination groups and fruits from open pollination of the parents.They included 11 aldehydes,28terpenes,16 esters,14 alcohols,14 ketones,5 aliphatic hydrocarbons,7 phenols,and 7 carboxylic acid compounds.41 volatile compounds were detected in the fruit from open pollination,with limonene being the most abundant,accounting for 87.48% of the total content.In fruit from pollination A group,36volatile substances were found,with limonene accounting for 92.57% of the total content.In the fruit of Xinmuyou,47 volatile substances were detected,with limonene making up 91.07% of the total content.In fruit from pollination B,38 volatile substances were detected,with limonene representing88.52% of the total content.In the fruit of the tetraploid grapefruit,49 volatile substances were detected,with limonene constituting 88.65% of the total content.21 volatile substances exhibited a significant xenia effect,including most of the terpene substances.Limonene content in fruit from open pollination was 25 822.76 μg · g-1,while it was 154 583.28 μg·g-1in Xinmuyou fruit.However,in fruit from pollination with Xinmuyou,limonene content reached 84 271.06 μg·g-1,which was more than three times higher than that under open pollination.This indicates that pollination with Xinmuyou pollen substantially increased the limonene content in the Majiayou fruit.【Conclusion】In conclusion,cross-pollination can increase the fruit set of Majiayou,and Majiayou fruit quality can be directly improved through the xenia effect.This research provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the practical production of Majiayou.
作者
毛桑隐
路志浩
张祥
叶俊丽
伊华林
柴利军
邓秀新
吴方方
徐强
MAO Sangyin;LU Zhihao;ZHANG Xiang;YE Junli;YI Hualin;CHAI Lijun;DENG Xiuxin;WU Fangfang;XU Qiang(National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops/Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Majiayou Technology Research Center,Guangfeng District,Shangrao City,Jiangxi Province,Shangrao 334000,Jiangxi,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第11期2391-2402,共12页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1003100)
国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金(31925034)。
关键词
马家柚
花粉直感
果实品质
香气组分
异花授粉
Majiayou
Pollen xenia
Fruit quality
Aroma components
Cross-pollination
