摘要
【目的】东北黑土地为保障中国粮食安全和生态安全做出了巨大贡献,准确界定和把握东北黑土地概念与时空动态特征,对黑土地资源可持续利用和区域可持续发展具有重要意义。【方法】本文基于地球关键带理论,厘清黑土地概念,结合区域土壤类型数据和1980、2000和2020年土地利用/覆被数据,采用叠加分析法、土地利用时空变化分析法,揭示近40年东北黑土地变化的时空格局演变及其驱动因素。【结果】(1)黑土地是土壤为黑土类的耕地,主要分布在中国东北中温带松辽和三江-长白气候区,海拔主要在500 m以下,土壤类型以草甸土居多。(2)受气候变化、经济发展和政策制度的影响,40年间东北黑土地面积增加了412.44万hm^(2),由于政策干预,2000年以后增量大幅降低。(3)空间上,由于人口与经济重心转移,东北黑土地整体呈现北扩南缩的空间格局,黑土地重心持续向北部迁移,2000年以后迁移速度减慢。(4)退耕还林和建设占用是东北黑土地减少的主要原因,增加则主要源于林地、草地开垦,受政策和制度影响,2000年以后东北黑土地动态转化频繁。【结论】受自然和社会经济因素影响,近40年东北黑土地面积大幅增加,并持续向北部扩张,但扩张范围和扩张速度大有下降趋势。本文可为黑土地资源分析提供方法借鉴,为东北黑土地保护和持续利用提供科学依据。
[Objective]Northeast black soil cultivated land(BSCL)is crucial for the country's food and ecological security.Defining its concept and grasping the spatiotemporal dynamics is vital for sustainable resource use and regional development.[Methods]This article,based on the theory of critical zone of the Earth,redefined BSCL and combined regional soil data with land use data in 1980,2000,and 2020.It used methods of overlay analysis and spatiotemporal analysis of land use to reveal BSCL evolution patterns and drivers over 40 years.[Results](1)BSCL refers to cultivated land with black soil types,primarily located in the temperate zone of Northeast China,with elevation mostly below 500 m and soil predominantly composed of meadow soil.(2)Due to the impacts of climate,economic,policy and institutional factors,the area of BSCL increased by4.12 million hm^(2)over 40 years.However,due to policy interventions,the increase has significantly decreased since 2000.(3)Spatially,due to the transfer of population and economic center of gravity,the overall spatial pattern of BSCL in Northeast China showed northward expansion and southward contraction.The gravity center of BSCL has been continuously moving northward,but the speed of migration has slowed down after 2000.(4)Forest and construction land were the main destinations for the transition of BSCL,while forests and grasslands are the principal sources contributing to the increase in BSCL.Influenced by policies and institutional interventions,the dynamic conversions of BSCL have undergone frequent since 2000.[Conclusion]Influenced by natural and socio-economic factors,the area of BSCL in Northeast China has significantly expanded over the past 40 years,continuously spreading northward.However,there is a obvious decreasing tendency in both the scope and speed of this expansion.This study can provide a methodological reference for the analysis of BSCL and a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable utilization of BSCL.
作者
姚东恒
曹颖
成婧文
雷鸣
廖宇波
王玲
赵晶
孔祥斌
YAO Dongheng;CAO Ying;CHENG Jingwen;LEI Ming;LIAO Yubo;WANG Ling;ZHAO Jing;KONG Xiangbin(College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100193,China;Heilongjiang Natural Resources Rights and Interests Survey and Monitoring Institute,Harbin 150080,China)
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期1856-1868,共13页
Resources Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42171289)
科技部科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100403)。
关键词
地球关键带
黑土地
黑土
资源特征
时空演变
驱动因素
critical zones of the Earth
black soil cultivated land
black soil
resource characteristics
spatiotemporal evolution
driving factors
