摘要
为避免装载机传动系统因功率过剩导致能源浪费,或因功率不足影响作业性能,提出发动机与液力变矩器的主次工况功率匹配方法。以装载机V型工况为基础,以油门信号、档位信号和制动信号为6段式循环工况的划分依据,将其细分为11个工况片段,再进一步归类为铲掘、举升、起步和匀速4个牵引阶段,结合装载机不同循环阶段的主次工况,进行发动机和液力变矩器的功率匹配研究。利用主次工况法对不同牵引阶段下装载机液压系统的功率与发动机的油门开度进行分析,并结合发动机与液力变矩器的共同工作特性得出,在铲掘与举升阶段,发动机几乎工作在额定功率点,应尽量避免超载;而在起步与匀速阶段,发动机的输出扭矩点相对较低,具有承受部分负载波动的能力,且应尽可能地工作在经济燃油区间。进一步,构建装载机机电液系统联合模型,对发动机变功率控制下的主次工况进行对比与验证。基于箱线图的工程机械主次工况分析法和装载机的牵引工况构建方法为发动机与液力变矩器的分工况功率匹配奠定基础,也为车辆传动系统的效能优化提供参考。
In order to avoid energy waste due to excess power of the loader transmission system,or insufficient power to affect the performance,a power matching method for the primary and secondary working conditions of the engine and the hydraulic torque converter is proposed.Based on the V-type working condition of the loader,the throttle signal,gear signal and brake signal are used as the basis for dividing the 6-segment cycle working condition,and it is subdivided into 11 working condition segments,which are further divided.It is classified into four traction stages:shoveling,lifting,starting,and constant speed.Combining the primary and secondary working conditions of the loader at different cycle stages,the power matching study of the engine and the torque converter is carried out.Using the method of primary and secondary conditions to analyze the power of the hydraulic system and the throttle opening of the engine in different traction stages,and combined with the common working characteristics of the engine and hydraulic torque converter,it is concluded that the engine almost works at the rated power point in the digging and lifting stage.Overloading shall be avoided as far as possible;during the starting and constant speed phases,the output torque point of the engine is relatively low,has the ability to withstand partial load fluctuations,and works as far as possible in the economic fuel range.Furthermore,the model of loader is constructed to compare and verify the primary and secondary working conditions with the variable power control of engine.The analysis method of primary and secondary working conditions of construction machinery based on box diagrams and the classification method of traction working conditions of loaders lay the foundation for the power matching of engine and hydraulic torque converter under different working conditions,and also for the vehicle transmission system.Performance optimization provides a reference.
作者
张泽宇
惠记庄
张浩博
耿麒
卜正锋
ZHANG Zeyu;HUI Jizhuang;ZHANG Haobo;GENG Qi;BU Zhengfeng(Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment,Ministry of Education,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064;Post-Doctoral Workstation,Tibet Tianlu Co.,Ltd.,Lasa 850000;Shaanxi Aerospace Power Hi.Tech.Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710077)
出处
《机械工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第16期300-314,共15页
Journal of Mechanical Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(52278390)
陕西省自然科学基金(2022JQ-515,2022JZ-26,2022JM-172)
西藏自治区自然科学基金(XZ202101ZR0044G)
中国博士后国际交流计划派出(2020056)资助项目。
关键词
装载机
传动系统
主次工况
箱线图法
功率匹配
loader
transmission system
primary and secondary working conditions
box plot method
power matching
