摘要
2020-2021年,在河南白术(Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.)产区调查发现了一种危害白术茎基部的病害,田块发生率为100%,病株率为20%~30%。该病害发生后茎基部出现褐色或黑褐色的病斑,病斑沿纵横向同时扩展,后期环绕整个茎部,造成茎腐烂;为明确引起该病的病原菌,采用组织分离培养和科赫氏法则验证,结合形态学观察和多基因扩增(rDNA-ITS、EF-1α及RPB2基因)对病原菌进行鉴定,并研究了病原菌的生物学特性以及室内有效杀菌剂筛选。结果表明,分离物YZ10和YZ14均可致病,接种后可侵染白术离体幼苗茎基部、离体茎段和盆栽植株茎基部,表现与田间病株相同的症状,并鉴定出菌株YZ10为锐顶镰刀菌(Fusarium acuminatum),菌株YZ14为木贼镰刀菌(F.equiseti)。2株病原菌的最适培养基均为燕麦培养基,可利用多种碳源和氮源,但在尿素培养基上生长慢。菌株YZ10、YZ14最适生长温度是25℃、28℃,最适pH为8、7,在光暗交替下的菌丝生长直径较大;室内毒力测定结果表明,98%咯菌腈对菌株YZ10和YZ14的毒力最强,EC50值为1.74 mg·L^(-1)和0.17 mg·L^(-1),97%戊唑醇的毒力次之。
The stem-base rot disease was occurred in all of the Atractylodes macrocephala fields in Henan province from 2020 to 2021,and the disease incidences were up to 20%~30%.After being infected by pathogen,brown or dark brown spots were appeared in the stem base firstly,then spread both longitudinally and laterally,surrounded the entire stem and led to stem rot at last.In order to clarify the pathogen of this disease,isolates were identified by tissue isolation,pathogen culture and Koch′s rule verification.Then the pathogen was also identified by morphological observation and multi-gene amplification(rDNA-ITS,EF-1αand RPB2 genes)sequencing analysis.The biological characteristics of pathogen and the screening of indoor effective fungicides were also studied together.The results showed that strains YZ10 and YZ14 could infect the stem base of A.macrocephala plants causing the same symptoms as that in the field by in vitro and pot experiments.The strain YZ10 is identified as Fusarium acuminatum and the strain YZ14 is F.equiseti.The optimum medium for strains YZ10 and YZ14 culturing is oat medium,and the two strains can utilize a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources besides urea medium.The optimum growth temperature of strain YZ10 is 25℃,and the optimum pH value is eight.The optimum growth temperature of strain YZ14 is 28℃,and the optimum pH value is seven.Both strains grew faster under the alternation of light and dark.As revealed by the indoor toxicity test,98%fludioxonil has the strongest virulence against strains YZ10 and YZ14,with the EC_(50)values of 1.74 mg·L^(-1)and 0.17 mg·L^(-1),followed by 97%tebuconazole.This is the first report on stem-base rot disease of A.macrocephala in China.
作者
王飞
李雪梦
高素霞
文艺
秦艳红
刘玉霞
杨瑾
戚文平
鲁传涛
WANG Fei;LI Xuemeng;GAO Suxia;WEN Yi;QIN Yanhong;LIU Yuxia;YANG Jin;QI Wenping;LU Chuantao(Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
出处
《植物病理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期779-788,共10页
Acta Phytopathologica Sinica
基金
国家中药材产业技术体系(CARS-21)
河南省农科院新兴学科(2020XK05,2021XK02,2022XK07)
河南省中药材产业技术体系(HARS-22-11-Z1)。
关键词
白术
茎基腐
镰刀菌
杀菌剂
Atractylodes macrocephala
Stem-base rot
Fusarium
Fungicide
